2 Kings 10:8 מְלָכִים ב

Who acts: messenger, sons, ye · What happens: come, tell, say, bring, lay · To what, where: messenger, heads, sons, two heaps · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is 2 Kings 10:8 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — messenger, sons, ye — and what happens in the verse to messenger, heads, sons, two heaps, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 25 chapters of 2 Kings on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיָּבֹ֤א הַמַּלְאָךְ֙ וַיַּגֶּד־ל֣וֹ לֵאמֹ֔ר הֵבִ֖יאוּ רָאשֵׁ֣י בְנֵֽי־הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַיֹּ֗אמֶר שִׂ֣ימוּ אֹתָ֞ם שְׁנֵ֧י צִבֻּרִ֛ים פֶּ֥תַח הַשַּׁ֖עַר עַד־הַבֹּֽקֶר׃

And there came a messenger, and told him, saying: 'They have brought the heads of the king's sons.' And he said: 'Lay ye them in two heaps at the entrance of the gate until the morning.'

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יָּבֹ֤א	cc	and
2	יָּבֹ֤א	בּוֹא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he came
3	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	4 מַּלְאָךְ֙	det	the
4	מַּלְאָךְ֙	מַלְאָךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 יָּבֹ֤א	nsubj	messenger
5	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	6 יַּגֶּד־	cc	and
6	יַּגֶּד־	נָגַד	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יָּבֹ֤א	conj	he told
7	ל	לְ	ADP	_	8 ֣וֹ	case	to
8	֣וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 יַּגֶּד־	obl	him
9	לֵ	לְ	ADP	ExtPos=SCONJ	11 הֵבִ֖יאוּ	mark	(cmp)
10	אמֹ֔ר	אָמַר	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	9 לֵ	fixed
11	הֵבִ֖יאוּ	בּוֹא	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Plur Person=3	6 יַּגֶּד־	advcl	they have brought
12	רָאשֵׁ֣י	רֹאשׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	11 הֵבִ֖יאוּ	obj	the heads
13	בְנֵֽי־	בֵּן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	12 רָאשֵׁ֣י	compound:smixut	of the sons
14	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	15 מֶּ֑לֶךְ	det	of
15	מֶּ֑לֶךְ	מֶלֶךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	13 בְנֵֽי־	compound:smixut	the king
16	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	17 יֹּ֗אמֶר	cc	and
17	יֹּ֗אמֶר	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יָּבֹ֤א	conj	he said
18	שִׂ֣ימוּ	שׂים	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=2	17 יֹּ֗אמֶר	ccomp	make
19	אֹת	אֵת	ADP	_	20 ָ֞ם	case
20	ָ֞ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 שִׂ֣ימוּ	obj	them
21	שְׁנֵ֧י	שְׁנַיִם	NUM	Gender=Masc Number=Dual	22 צִבֻּרִ֛ים	nummod	two
22	צִבֻּרִ֛ים	צִבֻּר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	18 שִׂ֣ימוּ	obl	heaps
23	פֶּ֥תַח	פֶּתַח	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	18 שִׂ֣ימוּ	obl	the entrance
24	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	25 שַּׁ֖עַר	det	of
25	שַּׁ֖עַר	שַׁעַר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	23 פֶּ֥תַח	compound:smixut	the gate
26	עַד־	עַד	ADP	_	28 בֹּֽקֶר	case	until
27	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	28 בֹּֽקֶר	det	the
28	בֹּֽקֶר	בֹּקֶר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	18 שִׂ֣ימוּ	obl	morning
29	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	28 בֹּֽקֶר	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: no
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יָּבֹא he came	wayyiqtol · qal	מַּלְאָךְ messenger
יַּגֶּד־ he told	wayyiqtol · hiphil	מַּלְאָךְ messenger
אמֹר	infinitive construct · qal	מַּלְאָךְ messenger
הֵבִיאוּ they have brought	qatal · hiphil	רָאשֵׁי the heads
יֹּאמֶר he said	wayyiqtol · qal
שִׂימוּ make	imperative · qal		ָם them

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וַאֲתָא אִזְגַדָא וְחַוִי לֵיהּ לְמֵימַר אַיְתִיאוּ רֵישֵׁי בְּנֵי מַלְכָּא וַאֲמַר שַׁווּ יַתְהוֹן תְּרֵין דְגוֹרִין בְּמַעֲלָנָא דְתַרְעָא עַד צַפְרָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And there came a messenger, and told him, saying: 'They have brought the heads of the king's sons.' And he said: 'Lay ye them in two heaps at the entrance of the gate until the morning.'

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:2KI:267.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.10.8/