2 Kings 23:10 מְלָכִים ב

Who acts: king, Topheth, man, son · What happens: defile, be, make, pass · To what, where: Topheth, valley, son, Molech, fire

This is 2 Kings 23:10 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — king, Topheth, man, son — and what happens in the verse to Topheth, valley, son, Molech, fire, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 25 chapters of 2 Kings on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וְטִמֵּ֣א אֶת־הַתֹּ֔פֶת אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּגֵ֣י בֶנ־הִנֹּ֑ם גֵ֣י בֶנ־הִנֹּ֑םגֵ֣י בֶנ־הִנֹּ֑ם לְבִלְתִּ֗י לְהַעֲבִ֨יר אִ֜ישׁ אֶת־בְּנ֧וֹ וְאֶת־בִּתּ֛וֹ בָּאֵ֖שׁ לַמֹּֽלֶךְ׃

And he defiled Topheth, which is in the valley of the son of Hinnom, that no man might make his son or his daughter to pass through the fire to Molech.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 טִמֵּ֣א	cc	and
2	טִמֵּ֣א	טָמֵא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he made unclean
3	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	5 תֹּ֔פֶת	case	(et)
4	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	5 תֹּ֔פֶת	det	(the)
5	תֹּ֔פֶת	תֹּפֶת	PROPN	_	2 טִמֵּ֣א	obj	Topheth
6	אֲשֶׁ֖ר	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	8 גֵ֣י	mark	which
7	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	8 גֵ֣י	case	[was] in the valley of the sons of Hinnom
8	גֵ֣י	גַּיְא	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 תֹּ֔פֶת	acl:relcl	[was] in
9	בֶנ־הִנֹּ֑ם	_	NOUN	_	8 גֵ֣י	flat
10	גֵ֣י	בֵּן	PROPN	_	8 גֵ֣י	nmod	the valley
11	בֶנ־הִנֹּ֑ם	_	PROPN	_	10 גֵ֣י	flat:name
12	גֵ֣י	הִנֹּם	PROPN	_	8 גֵ֣י	nmod	of Ben Hinnom
13	בֶנ־הִנֹּ֑ם	_	PROPN	_	12 גֵ֣י	flat:name
14	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	17 הַעֲבִ֨יר	case	to
15	בִלְתִּ֗י	בֵּלֶת	ADP	_	17 הַעֲבִ֨יר	case	not
16	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	17 הַעֲבִ֨יר	case	to
17	הַעֲבִ֨יר	עָבַר	VERB	HebBinyan=HIPHIL	2 טִמֵּ֣א	advcl	make pass
18	אִ֜ישׁ	אִישׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	17 הַעֲבִ֨יר	nsubj	anyone
19	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	20 בְּנ	case	(et)
20	בְּנ	בֵּן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	17 הַעֲבִ֨יר	obj	son
21	֧וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	20 בְּנ	nmod:poss	his
22	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	24 בִּתּ	cc	and
23	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	24 בִּתּ	case	(et)
24	בִּתּ	בַּת	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	20 בְּנ	conj	daughter
25	֛וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	24 בִּתּ	nmod:poss	his
26	בָּ	בְּ	ADP	_	28 אֵ֖שׁ	case	in
27	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	28 אֵ֖שׁ	det	the
28	אֵ֖שׁ	אֵשׁ	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 הַעֲבִ֨יר	obl	fire
29	לַ	לְ	ADP	_	31 מֹּֽלֶךְ	case	to
30	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	31 מֹּֽלֶךְ	det	(the)
31	מֹּֽלֶךְ	מֹלֶךְ	PROPN	_	17 הַעֲבִ֨יר	obl	Molech
32	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	31 מֹּֽלֶךְ	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	to whom, further (A2)	who makes it happen (AA)
טִמֵּא he made unclean	qatal · piel		תֹּפֶת Topheth
הַעֲבִיר make pass	infinitive construct · hiphil	אִישׁ anyone + בְּנ son			לְ to

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וְסָאֵיב יַת תּוֹפֶת דִי בְחֵילַת בַּר הִנוֹם בְּדִיל דְלָא לְאַעֲבָרָא גְבַר יַת בְּרֵיהּ וְיַת בְּרַתֵּיהּ בְּנוּרָא לַמוֹלֶךְ:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And he defiled Topheth, which is in the valley of the son of Hinnom, that no man might make his son or his daughter to pass through the fire to Molech.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:2KI:641.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.23.10/