2 Kings 23:22 מְלָכִים ב

Who acts: judges · What happens: not keep, judge · To what, where: passover, Israel

This is 2 Kings 23:22 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — judges — and what happens in the verse to passover, Israel, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 25 chapters of 2 Kings on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

כִּ֣י לֹ֤א נַֽעֲשָׂה֙ כַּפֶּ֣סַח הַזֶּ֔ה מִימֵי֙ הַשֹּׁ֣פְטִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר שָׁפְט֖וּ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְכֹ֗ל יְמֵ֛י מַלְכֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וּמַלְכֵ֥י יְהוּדָֽה׃

For there was not kept such a passover from the days of the judges that judged Israel, nor in all the days of the kings of Israel, nor of the kings of Judah;

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	כִּ֣י	כִּי	SCONJ	_	3 נַֽעֲשָׂה֙	mark	(dm)
2	לֹ֤א	לֹא	ADV	_	3 נַֽעֲשָׂה֙	advmod	not
3	נַֽעֲשָׂה֙	עָשָׂה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	it had been observed
4	כַּ	כְּ	ADP	_	6 פֶּ֣סַח	case	like
5	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	6 פֶּ֣סַח	det	the
6	פֶּ֣סַח	פֶּסַח	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	3 נַֽעֲשָׂה֙	obl	passover
7	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	8 זֶּ֔ה	det	(the)
8	זֶּ֔ה	זֶה	DET	Gender=Masc Number=Sing PronType=Dem	6 פֶּ֣סַח	det	this
9	מִ	מִן	ADP	_	10 ימֵי֙	case	since
10	ימֵי֙	יוֹם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	3 נַֽעֲשָׂה֙	obl	the days
11	הַ	הַ	SCONJ	_	12 שֹּׁ֣פְטִ֔ים	mark	of
12	שֹּׁ֣פְטִ֔ים	שָׁפַט	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur	10 ימֵי֙	compound:smixut	the judges
13	אֲשֶׁ֥ר	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	14 שָׁפְט֖וּ	mark	who
14	שָׁפְט֖וּ	שָׁפַט	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	12 שֹּׁ֣פְטִ֔ים	acl:relcl	they judged
15	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	16 יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל	case	(et)
16	יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל	יִשְׂרָאֵל	PROPN	_	14 שָׁפְט֖וּ	obj	Israel
17	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	18 כֹ֗ל	cc	and
18	כֹ֗ל	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	10 ימֵי֙	conj	all
19	יְמֵ֛י	יוֹם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	18 כֹ֗ל	compound:smixut	the days
20	מַלְכֵ֥י	מֶלֶךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	19 יְמֵ֛י	compound:smixut	of the kings
21	יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל	יִשְׂרָאֵל	PROPN	_	20 מַלְכֵ֥י	compound:smixut	of Israel
22	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	23 מַלְכֵ֥י	cc	and
23	מַלְכֵ֥י	מֶלֶךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	20 מַלְכֵ֥י	conj	the kings
24	יְהוּדָֽה	יְהוּדָה	PROPN	_	23 מַלְכֵ֥י	compound:smixut	of Judah
25	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	24 יְהוּדָֽה	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: yes

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	to whom, further (A2)	who makes it happen (AA)
שָׁפְטוּ they judged	qatal · qal	שֹּׁפְטִים the judges	יִשְׂרָאֵל Israel

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

אֲרֵי לָא אִתְעֲבִיד כְּפִסְחָא הָדֵין מִיוֹמֵי נְגִידַיָא דְדָנוּ יַת יִשְׂרָאֵל וְכָל יוֹמֵי מַלְכֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וּמַלְכַיָא דְבֵית יְהוּדָה:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

For there was not kept such a passover from the days of the judges that judged Israel, nor in all the days of the kings of Israel, nor of the kings of Judah;

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:2KI:653.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.23.22/