2 Kings 7:4 מְלָכִים ב

Who acts: we, famine, you, us, Arameans · What happens: say, enter, be, die, sit, come · To what, where: city, us · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is 2 Kings 7:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — we, famine, you, us, Arameans — and what happens in the verse to city, us, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 25 chapters of 2 Kings on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

אִם־אָמַרְנוּ֩ נָב֨וֹא הָעִ֜יר וְהָרָעָ֤ב בָּעִיר֙ וָמַ֣תְנוּ שָׁ֔ם וְאִם־יָשַׁ֥בְנוּ פֹ֖ה וָמָ֑תְנוּ וְעַתָּ֗ה לְכוּ֙ וְנִפְּלָה֙ אֶל־מַחֲנֵ֣ה אֲרָ֔ם אִם־יְחַיֻּ֣נוּ נִֽחְיֶ֔ה וְאִם־יְמִיתֻ֖נוּ וָמָֽתְנוּ׃

If we say: We will enter into the city, then the famine is in the city, and we shall die there; and if we sit still here, we die also. Now therefore come, and let us fall unto the host of the Arameans; if they save us alive, we shall live; and if they kill us, we shall but die.'

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	אִם־	אִם	SCONJ	_	2 אָמַרְנוּ֩	mark	if
2	אָמַרְנוּ֩	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=1	11 עִיר֙	advcl	we said
3	נָב֨וֹא	בּוֹא	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=1	2 אָמַרְנוּ֩	ccomp	we will enter
4	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	5 עִ֜יר	det	the
5	עִ֜יר	עִיר	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	3 נָב֨וֹא	obl	city
6	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	11 עִיר֙	cc	and
7	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	8 רָעָ֤ב	det	the
8	רָעָ֤ב	רָעָב	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	11 עִיר֙	nsubj	famine
9	בָּ	בְּ	ADP	_	11 עִיר֙	case	[is] in
10	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	11 עִיר֙	det	the
11	עִיר֙	עִיר	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	root	root	city
12	וָ	וְ	CCONJ	_	13 מַ֣תְנוּ	cc	and
13	מַ֣תְנוּ	מוּת	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=1	11 עִיר֙	conj	we will die
14	שָׁ֔ם	שָׁם	ADV	_	13 מַ֣תְנוּ	advmod	there
15	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	20 מָ֑תְנוּ	cc	and
16	אִם־	אִם	SCONJ	_	17 יָשַׁ֥בְנוּ	mark	if
17	יָשַׁ֥בְנוּ	יָשַׁב	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=1	20 מָ֑תְנוּ	advcl	we sat
18	פֹ֖ה	פֹּה	ADV	_	17 יָשַׁ֥בְנוּ	advmod	here
19	וָ	וְ	CCONJ	_	20 מָ֑תְנוּ	cc	and
20	מָ֑תְנוּ	מוּת	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=1	11 עִיר֙	conj	we will die
21	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	22 עַתָּ֗ה	cc	and
22	עַתָּ֗ה	עַתָּה	ADV	_	11 עִיר֙	advmod	therefore
23	לְכוּ֙	הלך	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=2	11 עִיר֙	parataxis	come
24	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	25 נִפְּלָה֙	cc	and
25	נִפְּלָה֙	נָפַל	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=1	11 עִיר֙	conj	let us fall
26	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	27 מַחֲנֵ֣ה	case	to
27	מַחֲנֵ֣ה	מַחֲנֶה	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 נִפְּלָה֙	obl	the camp
28	אֲרָ֔ם	אֲרָם	PROPN	_	27 מַחֲנֵ֣ה	compound:smixut	of Aram
29	אִם־	אִם	SCONJ	_	30 יְחַיֻּ֣	mark	if
30	יְחַיֻּ֣	חָיָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Plur Person=3	32 נִֽחְיֶ֔ה	advcl	they
31	נוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	30 יְחַיֻּ֣	obj	will let us live
32	נִֽחְיֶ֔ה	חָיָה	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=1	11 עִיר֙	parataxis	we will live
33	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	38 מָֽתְנוּ	cc	and
34	אִם־	אִם	SCONJ	_	35 יְמִיתֻ֖	mark	if
35	יְמִיתֻ֖	מוּת	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Plur Person=3	38 מָֽתְנוּ	advcl	they
36	נוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	35 יְמִיתֻ֖	obj	will put us to death
37	וָ	וְ	CCONJ	_	38 מָֽתְנוּ	cc	and
38	מָֽתְנוּ	מוּת	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=1	11 עִיר֙	conj	we will die
39	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	38 מָֽתְנוּ	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: promise
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: no
the frame alone: decl · assert · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	who makes it happen (AA)
אָמַרְנוּ we said	qatal · qal		נָבוֹא we will enter
נָבוֹא we will enter	yiqtol · qal
מַתְנוּ we will die	weqatal · qal
יָשַׁבְנוּ we sat	qatal · qal
מָתְנוּ we will die	weqatal · qal
לְכוּ come	imperative · qal
נִפְּלָה let us fall	cohortative · qal
יְחַיֻּ they	yiqtol · piel	מַחֲנֵה the camp	נוּ will let us live
נִֽחְיֶה we will live	yiqtol · qal
יְמִיתֻ they	yiqtol · hiphil	נוּ will put us to death		מַחֲנֵה the camp
מָֽתְנוּ we will die	weqatal · qal

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

אִם נֵימַר נֵיעוֹל לְקַרְתָּא וְכַפְנָא בְקַרְתָּא וּנְמוּת תַּמָן וְאִם נִתֵיב הָכָא וּנְמוּת וּכְעַן אֱתוֹ וְנִשְׁתְּמַע לְמַשִׁרְיַת אֲרָם אִם יְחַיוּנָנָא וְנֵחִי אִם יִקְטְלוּנָנָא וְנִתְקַטֵיל:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:2KI:177.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.7.4/