2 Samuel 1:4 שְׁמוּאֵל ב

Who acts: David, matter, I, Saul · What happens: say, go, pray, tell, answer, flee · To what, where: thee, me, people, battle, many · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is 2 Samuel 1:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — David, matter, I, Saul — and what happens in the verse to thee, me, people, battle, many, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אֵלָ֥יו דָּוִ֛ד מֶה־הָיָ֥ה הַדָּבָ֖ר הַגֶּד־נָ֣א לִ֑י וַ֠יֹּאמֶר אֲשֶׁר־נָ֨ס הָעָ֜ם מִן־הַמִּלְחָמָ֗ה וְגַם־הַרְבֵּ֞ה נָפַ֤ל מִן־הָעָם֙ וַיָּמֻ֔תוּ וְגַ֗ם שָׁא֛וּל וִיהוֹנָתָ֥ן בְּנ֖וֹ מֵֽתוּ׃

And David said unto him: 'How went the matter? I pray thee, tell me.' And he answered: 'The people are fled from the battle, and many of the people also are fallen and dead; and Saul and Jonathan his son are dead also.'

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יֹּ֨אמֶר	cc	and
2	יֹּ֨אמֶר	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he said
3	אֵלָ֥י	אֶל	ADP	_	4 ו	case	to
4	ו	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 יֹּ֨אמֶר	obl	him
5	דָּוִ֛ד	דָּוִד	PROPN	_	2 יֹּ֨אמֶר	nsubj	David
6	מֶה־	מָה	PRON	PronType=Int	2 יֹּ֨אמֶר	ccomp	what?
7	הָיָ֥ה	הָיָה	AUX	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	6 מֶה־	cop	was it
8	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	9 דָּבָ֖ר	det	the
9	דָּבָ֖ר	דָּבָר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	6 מֶה־	nsubj	word
10	הַגֶּד־	נָגַד	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=2	6 מֶה־	parataxis	tell
11	נָ֣א	נָא	INTJ	_	10 הַגֶּד־	discourse	please
12	ל	לְ	ADP	_	13 ִ֑י	case	to
13	ִ֑י	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	10 הַגֶּד־	obl	me
14	וַ֠	וְ	CCONJ	_	15 יֹּאמֶר	cc	and
15	יֹּאמֶר	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יֹּ֨אמֶר	conj	he said
16	אֲשֶׁר־	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	17 נָ֨ס	mark	(cmp)
17	נָ֨ס	נוּס	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	15 יֹּאמֶר	acl:relcl	it has fled
18	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	19 עָ֜ם	det	the
19	עָ֜ם	עַם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	17 נָ֨ס	nsubj	people
20	מִן־	מִן	ADP	_	22 מִּלְחָמָ֗ה	case	from
21	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	22 מִּלְחָמָ֗ה	det	the
22	מִּלְחָמָ֗ה	מִלְחָמָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	17 נָ֨ס	obl	battle
23	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	26 נָפַ֤ל	cc	and
24	גַם־	גַּם	ADV	_	26 נָפַ֤ל	advmod	also
25	הַרְבֵּ֞ה	רָבָה	ADV	HebBinyan=HIPHIL	26 נָפַ֤ל	nsubj	many
26	נָפַ֤ל	נָפַל	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	17 נָ֨ס	conj	it has fallen
27	מִן־	מִן	ADP	_	29 עָם֙	case	of
28	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	29 עָם֙	det	the
29	עָם֙	עַם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	26 נָפַ֤ל	obl	people
30	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	31 יָּמֻ֔תוּ	cc	and
31	יָּמֻ֔תוּ	מוּת	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	26 נָפַ֤ל	conj	they have died
32	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	39 מֵֽתוּ	cc	and
33	גַ֗ם	גַּם	ADV	_	39 מֵֽתוּ	advmod	also
34	שָׁא֛וּל	שָׁאוּל	PROPN	_	39 מֵֽתוּ	nsubj	Saul
35	וִ	וְ	CCONJ	_	36 יהוֹנָתָ֥ן	cc	and
36	יהוֹנָתָ֥ן	יְהוֹנָתָן	PROPN	_	34 שָׁא֛וּל	conj	Jonathan
37	בְּנ	בֵּן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	36 יהוֹנָתָ֥ן	appos	son
38	֖וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	37 בְּנ	nmod:poss	his
39	מֵֽתוּ	מוּת	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	17 נָ֨ס	conj	they have died
40	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	39 מֵֽתוּ	punct

Pragmatics

form: wh-question
act: ask
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: no
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יֹּאמֶר he said	wayyiqtol · qal	דָּוִד David
הָיָה was it	qatal · qal	דָּבָר word
הַגֶּד־ tell	imperative · hiphil
יֹּאמֶר he said	wayyiqtol · qal		נָס it has fled + נָפַל it has fallen + יָּמֻתוּ they have died + מֵֽתוּ they have died
נָס it has fled	qatal · qal	עָם people
נָפַל it has fallen	qatal · qal	הַרְבֵּה many
יָּמֻתוּ they have died	wayyiqtol · qal	הַרְבֵּה many
מֵֽתוּ they have died	qatal · qal	שָׁאוּל Saul + יהוֹנָתָן Jonathan

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וַאֲמַר לֵיהּ דָוִד מֶה הֲוָה פִתְגָמָא חַוִי כְעַן לִי וַאֲמַר דְאַפִּיךְ עַמָא מִן קְרָבָא וְאַף סַגִי נְפַל מִן עַמָא וְאִתְקְטָלוּ וְאַף שָׁאוּל וִיהוֹנָתָן בְּרֵיהּ מִיתוּ:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:2SA:3.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.1.4/