2 Samuel 1:5 שְׁמוּאֵל ב

Who acts: David, young man, thou, Saul · What happens: say, tell, know, be · To what, where: David · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is 2 Samuel 1:5 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — David, young man, thou, Saul — and what happens in the verse to David, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיֹּ֣אמֶר דָּוִ֔ד אֶל־הַנַּ֖עַר הַמַּגִּ֣יד ל֑וֹ אֵ֣יךְ יָדַ֔עְתָּ כִּי־מֵ֥ת שָׁא֖וּל וִיהֽוֹנָתָ֥ן בְּנֽוֹ׃

And David said unto the young man that told him: 'How knowest thou that Saul and Jonathan his son are dead?'

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יֹּ֣אמֶר	cc	and
2	יֹּ֣אמֶר	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he said
3	דָּוִ֔ד	דָּוִד	PROPN	_	2 יֹּ֣אמֶר	nsubj	David
4	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	6 נַּ֖עַר	case	to
5	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	6 נַּ֖עַר	det	the young
6	נַּ֖עַר	נַעַר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 יֹּ֣אמֶר	obl	man
7	הַ	הַ	SCONJ	_	8 מַּגִּ֣יד	mark	[who
8	מַּגִּ֣יד	נָגַד	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing	6 נַּ֖עַר	acl:relcl	had] told
9	ל	לְ	ADP	_	10 ֑וֹ	case	to
10	֑וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 מַּגִּ֣יד	obl	him
11	אֵ֣יךְ	אֵיךְ	INTJ	_	12 יָדַ֔עְתָּ	discourse	how?
12	יָדַ֔עְתָּ	יָדַע	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=2	2 יֹּ֣אמֶר	ccomp	do you know
13	כִּי־	כִּי	SCONJ	_	14 מֵ֥ת	mark	(dm) that
14	מֵ֥ת	מוּת	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	12 יָדַ֔עְתָּ	ccomp	he has died
15	שָׁא֖וּל	שָׁאוּל	PROPN	_	14 מֵ֥ת	nsubj	Saul
16	וִ	וְ	CCONJ	_	17 יהֽוֹנָתָ֥ן	cc	and
17	יהֽוֹנָתָ֥ן	יְהוֹנָתָן	PROPN	_	15 שָׁא֖וּל	conj	Jonathan
18	בְּנ	בֵּן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	17 יהֽוֹנָתָ֥ן	appos	son
19	ֽוֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 בְּנ	nmod:poss	his
20	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	19 ֽוֹ	punct

Pragmatics

form: wh-question
act: ask
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: no
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יֹּאמֶר he said	wayyiqtol · qal	דָּוִד David
מַּגִּיד had] told	participle active · hiphil	נַּעַר man
יָדַעְתָּ do you know	qatal · qal	נַּעַר man	מֵת he has died
מֵת he has died	qatal · qal	שָׁאוּל Saul + יהֽוֹנָתָן Jonathan

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וַאֲמַר דָוִד לְעוּלֵמָא דִמְחַוֵי לֵיהּ אֵיכְדִין יְדַעְתָּ אֲרֵי מִית שָׁאוּל וִיהוֹנָתָן בְּרֵיהּ:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And David said unto the young man that told him: 'How knowest thou that Saul and Jonathan his son are dead?'

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:2SA:4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.1.5/