2 Samuel 11:23 שְׁמוּאֵל ב

Who acts: messenger, men, we · What happens: say, prevail, come out, be · To what, where: field · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is 2 Samuel 11:23 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — messenger, men, we — and what happens in the verse to field, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיֹּ֤אמֶר הַמַּלְאָךְ֙ אֶל־דָּוִ֔ד כִּֽי־גָבְר֤וּ עָלֵ֙ינוּ֙ הָֽאֲנָשִׁ֔ים וַיֵּצְא֥וּ אֵלֵ֖ינוּ הַשָּׂדֶ֑ה וַנִּהְיֶ֥ה עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם עַד־פֶּ֥תַח הַשָּֽׁעַר׃

And the messenger said unto David: 'The men prevailed against us, and came out unto us into the field, and we were upon them even unto the entrance of the gate.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יֹּ֤אמֶר	cc	and
2	יֹּ֤אמֶר	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he said
3	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	4 מַּלְאָךְ֙	det	the
4	מַּלְאָךְ֙	מַלְאָךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 יֹּ֤אמֶר	nsubj	messenger
5	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	6 דָּוִ֔ד	case	to
6	דָּוִ֔ד	דָּוִד	PROPN	_	2 יֹּ֤אמֶר	obl	David
7	כִּֽי־	כִּי	SCONJ	_	8 גָבְר֤וּ	mark	(dm)
8	גָבְר֤וּ	גָּבַר	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יֹּ֤אמֶר	advcl	they prevailed
9	עָלֵ֙י	עַל	ADP	_	10 נוּ֙	case	over
10	נוּ֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	8 גָבְר֤וּ	obl	us
11	הָֽ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	12 אֲנָשִׁ֔ים	det	the
12	אֲנָשִׁ֔ים	אִישׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	8 גָבְר֤וּ	nsubj	men
13	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	14 יֵּצְא֥וּ	cc	and
14	יֵּצְא֥וּ	יָצָא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	8 גָבְר֤וּ	conj	they came out
15	אֵלֵ֖י	אֶל	ADP	_	16 נוּ	case	against
16	נוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	14 יֵּצְא֥וּ	obl	us
17	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	18 שָּׂדֶ֑ה	det	the open
18	שָּׂדֶ֑ה	שָׂדֶה	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	14 יֵּצְא֥וּ	obl	country
19	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	20 נִּהְיֶ֥ה	cc	and
20	נִּהְיֶ֥ה	הָיָה	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=1	8 גָבְר֤וּ	conj	we were
21	עֲלֵי	עַל	ADP	_	22 הֶ֖ם	case	on
22	הֶ֖ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	20 נִּהְיֶ֥ה	obl	them
23	עַד־	עַד	ADP	_	24 פֶּ֥תַח	case	to
24	פֶּ֥תַח	פֶּתַח	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	20 נִּהְיֶ֥ה	obl	the entrance
25	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	26 שָּֽׁעַר	det	of
26	שָּֽׁעַר	שַׁעַר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	24 פֶּ֥תַח	compound:smixut	the gate
27	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	26 שָּֽׁעַר	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)
יֹּאמֶר he said	wayyiqtol · qal	מַּלְאָךְ messenger
גָבְרוּ they prevailed	qatal · qal	אֲנָשִׁים men
יֵּצְאוּ they came out	wayyiqtol · qal	אֲנָשִׁים men
נִּהְיֶה we were	wayyiqtol · qal	מַּלְאָךְ messenger

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וַאֲמַר אִזְגַדָא לְדָוִד אֲרֵי תַקִיפוּ עֲלָנָא גַבְרַיָא וּנְפַקוּ לְוָתָנָא לְחַקְלָא וַהֲוֵינָא טַרְדִין לְהוֹן עַד מַעֲלָנָא דְתַרְעָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And the messenger said unto David: 'The men prevailed against us, and came out unto us into the field, and we were upon them even unto the entrance of the gate.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:2SA:259.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.11.23/