2 Samuel 11:23 · JPS 1917
And the messenger said unto David: 'The men prevailed against us, and came out unto us into the field, and we were upon them even unto the entrance of the gate.
Who acts: messenger, men, we · What happens: say, prevail, come out, be · To what, where: field · Speech: someone speaks here
This is 2 Samuel 11:23 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (messenger, men, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 4 said | cc |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 messenger | det |
| 3 | messenger | messenger | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 said | nsubj |
| 4 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | unto | unto | ADP | _ | 6 David | case |
| 6 | David | David | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 said | obl |
| 7 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 11 prevailed | punct |
| 8 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 11 prevailed | punct |
| 9 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 men | det |
| 10 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 prevailed | nsubj |
| 11 | prevailed | prevail | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 said | ccomp |
| 12 | against | against | ADP | _ | 13 us | case |
| 13 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 11 prevailed | obl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 came | punct |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 came | cc |
| 16 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 prevailed | conj |
| 17 | out | out | ADV | _ | 16 came | advmod |
| 18 | unto | unto | ADP | _ | 19 us | case |
| 19 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 16 came | obl |
| 20 | into | into | ADP | _ | 22 field | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 field | det |
| 22 | field | field | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 came | obl |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 them | punct |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 them | cc |
| 25 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 28 them | nsubj |
| 26 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 28 them | cop |
| 27 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 28 them | case |
| 28 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 prevailed | conj |
| 29 | even | even | ADV | _ | 32 entrance | advmod |
| 30 | unto | unto | ADP | _ | 32 entrance | case |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 entrance | det |
| 32 | entrance | entrance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 them | obl |
| 33 | of | of | ADP | _ | 35 gate | case |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 gate | det |
| 35 | gate | gate | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 entrance | nmod |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 said | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- character
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | the messenger | unto David | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 2 | prevail | past | the men | against us | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme against we=Location | ||||
| 3 | come out | past | the men not said here | the field | unto us; out property | vn become-109.1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient | |||
| 4 | is | past | we | upon messengers = messenger; unto the entrance of the gate | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
וַיֹּ֤אמֶר הַמַּלְאָךְ֙ אֶל־דָּוִ֔ד כִּֽי־גָבְר֤וּ עָלֵ֙ינוּ֙ הָֽאֲנָשִׁ֔ים וַיֵּצְא֥וּ אֵלֵ֖ינוּ הַשָּׂדֶ֑ה וַנִּהְיֶ֥ה עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם עַד־פֶּ֥תַח הַשָּֽׁעַר׃
2 Samuel 11:23: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:2SA:292 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.292/