2 Samuel 12:27 שְׁמוּאֵל ב

Who acts: Joab, I · What happens: send, say, fight, take · To what, where: messengers, David, city · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is 2 Samuel 12:27 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Joab, I — and what happens in the verse to messengers, David, city, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיִּשְׁלַ֥ח יוֹאָ֛ב מַלְאָכִ֖ים אֶל־דָּוִ֑ד וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ נִלְחַ֣מְתִּי בְרַבָּ֔ה גַּם־לָכַ֖דְתִּי אֶת־עִ֥יר הַמָּֽיִם׃

And Joab sent messengers to David, and said: 'I have fought against Rabbah, yea, I have taken the city of waters.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יִּשְׁלַ֥ח	cc	and
2	יִּשְׁלַ֥ח	שָׁלַח	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he sent
3	יוֹאָ֛ב	יוֹאָב	PROPN	_	2 יִּשְׁלַ֥ח	nsubj	Joab
4	מַלְאָכִ֖ים	מַלְאָךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	2 יִּשְׁלַ֥ח	obj	messengers
5	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	6 דָּוִ֑ד	case	to
6	דָּוִ֑ד	דָּוִד	PROPN	_	2 יִּשְׁלַ֥ח	obl	David
7	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	8 יֹּ֙אמֶר֙	cc	and
8	יֹּ֙אמֶר֙	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יִּשְׁלַ֥ח	conj	he said
9	נִלְחַ֣מְתִּי	לָחַם	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Sing Person=1	8 יֹּ֙אמֶר֙	ccomp	I have fought
10	בְ	בְּ	ADP	_	11 רַבָּ֔ה	case	against
11	רַבָּ֔ה	רַבָּה	PROPN	_	9 נִלְחַ֣מְתִּי	obl	Rabbah
12	גַּם־	גַּם	ADV	_	13 לָכַ֖דְתִּי	advmod	also
13	לָכַ֖דְתִּי	לָכַד	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=1	9 נִלְחַ֣מְתִּי	conj	I have captured
14	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	15 עִ֥יר	case	(et)
15	עִ֥יר	עִיר	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	13 לָכַ֖דְתִּי	obj	the city
16	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	17 מָּֽיִם	det	of
17	מָּֽיִם	מַיִם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	15 עִ֥יר	compound:smixut	the waters
18	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	17 מָּֽיִם	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: no
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יִּשְׁלַח he sent	wayyiqtol · qal	יוֹאָב Joab	מַלְאָכִים messengers
יֹּאמֶר he said	wayyiqtol · qal	יוֹאָב Joab
נִלְחַמְתִּי I have fought	qatal · niphal	יוֹאָב Joab
לָכַדְתִּי I have captured	qatal · qal	יוֹאָב Joab	עִיר the city

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וּשְׁלַח יוֹאָב אִזְגַדִין לְוַת דָוִד וַאֲמַר אַגָחִית קְרָבָא בְרַבָּה וְאַף כְּבָשִׁית יַת קִרְיַת מַלְכוּתָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And Joab sent messengers to David, and said: 'I have fought against Rabbah, yea, I have taken the city of waters.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:2SA:290.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.12.27/