2 Samuel 14:31 שְׁמוּאֵל ב

Who acts: Joab, servants · What happens: arise, come, say, set · To what, where: Absalom, field, fire · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is 2 Samuel 14:31 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Joab, servants — and what happens in the verse to Absalom, field, fire, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיָּ֣קָם יוֹאָ֔ב וַיָּבֹ֥א אֶל־אַבְשָׁל֖וֹם הַבָּ֑יְתָה וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלָ֔יו לָ֣מָּה הִצִּ֧יתוּ עֲבָדֶ֛ךָ אֶת־הַחֶלְקָ֥ה אֲשֶׁר־לִ֖י בָּאֵֽשׁ׃

Then Joab arose, and came to Absalom unto his house, and said unto him: 'Wherefore have thy servants set my field on fire?'

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יָּ֣קָם	cc	and
2	יָּ֣קָם	קוּם	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he arose
3	יוֹאָ֔ב	יוֹאָב	PROPN	_	2 יָּ֣קָם	nsubj	Joab
4	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	5 יָּבֹ֥א	cc	and
5	יָּבֹ֥א	בּוֹא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יָּ֣קָם	conj	he went
6	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	7 אַבְשָׁל֖וֹם	case	to
7	אַבְשָׁל֖וֹם	אַבְשָׁלֹום	PROPN	_	5 יָּבֹ֥א	obl	Absalom
8	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	9 בָּ֑יְת	det	to
9	בָּ֑יְת	בַּיִת	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	5 יָּבֹ֥א	obl	the
10	ָה	ה	X	_	9 בָּ֑יְת	nmod	house
11	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	12 יֹּ֣אמֶר	cc	and
12	יֹּ֣אמֶר	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יָּ֣קָם	conj	he said
13	אֵלָ֔י	אֶל	ADP	_	14 ו	case	to
14	ו	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 יֹּ֣אמֶר	obl	him
15	לָ֣	לָמָה	ADP	_	16 מָּה	case
16	מָּה	מָה	PRON	PronType=Int	17 הִצִּ֧יתוּ	obl	why?
17	הִצִּ֧יתוּ	יָצַת	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Plur Person=3	12 יֹּ֣אמֶר	ccomp	have they set on fire
18	עֲבָד	עֶבֶד	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	17 הִצִּ֧יתוּ	nsubj	servants
19	ֶ֛ךָ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	18 עֲבָד	nmod:poss	your
20	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	22 חֶלְקָ֥ה	case	(et)
21	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	22 חֶלְקָ֥ה	det	the portion
22	חֶלְקָ֥ה	חֶלְקָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	17 הִצִּ֧יתוּ	obj	of land
23	אֲשֶׁר־	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	25 ִ֖י	mark	which
24	ל	לְ	ADP	_	25 ִ֖י	case	[belongs] to
25	ִ֖י	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	22 חֶלְקָ֥ה	acl:relcl	me
26	בָּ	בְּ	ADP	_	28 אֵֽשׁ	case	with
27	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	28 אֵֽשׁ	det	(the)
28	אֵֽשׁ	אֵשׁ	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 הִצִּ֧יתוּ	obl	fire
29	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	28 אֵֽשׁ	punct

Pragmatics

form: wh-question
act: ask
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: no
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	who makes it happen (AA)
יָּקָם he arose	wayyiqtol · qal	יוֹאָב Joab
יָּבֹא he went	wayyiqtol · qal	יוֹאָב Joab
יֹּאמֶר he said	wayyiqtol · qal	יוֹאָב Joab
הִצִּיתוּ have they set on fire	qatal · hiphil	חֶלְקָה of land	עֲבָד servants

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וְקָם יוֹאָב וַאֲתָא לְוַת אַבְשָׁלוֹם לְבֵיתָא וַאֲמַר לֵיהּ לְמָה אַדְלִיקוּ עַבְדָיִךְ יַת אַחְסַנְתָּא דִילִי בְּנוּרָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Then Joab arose, and came to Absalom unto his house, and said unto him: 'Wherefore have thy servants set my field on fire?'

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:2SA:364.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.14.31/