2 Samuel 14:32 שְׁמוּאֵל ב

Who acts: Absalom, I, me, iniquity · What happens: answer, send, say, come, be, let · To what, where: Joab, thee, king, Geshur, me, face · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is 2 Samuel 14:32 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Absalom, I, me, iniquity — and what happens in the verse to Joab, thee, king, Geshur, me, face, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אַבְשָׁל֣וֹם אֶל־יוֹאָ֡ב הִנֵּ֣ה שָׁלַ֣חְתִּי אֵלֶ֣יךָ ׀ לֵאמֹ֡ר בֹּ֣א הֵ֠נָּה וְאֶשְׁלְחָה֩ אֹתְךָ֨אֶל־הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ לֵאמֹ֗ר לָ֤מָּה בָּ֙אתִי֙ מִגְּשׁ֔וּר ט֥וֹב לִ֖י עֹ֣ד אֲנִי־שָׁ֑ם וְעַתָּ֗ה אֶרְאֶה֙ פְּנֵ֣י הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וְאִם־יֶשׁ־בִּ֥י עָוֺ֖ן וֶהֱמִתָֽנִי׃

And Absalom answered Joab: 'Behold, I sent unto thee, saying: Come hither, that I may send thee to the king, to say: Wherefore am I come from Geshur? it were better for me to be there still; now therefore let me see the king's face; and if there be iniquity in me, let him kill me.'

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יֹּ֣אמֶר	cc	and
2	יֹּ֣אמֶר	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he said
3	אַבְשָׁל֣וֹם	אַבְשָׁלֹום	PROPN	_	2 יֹּ֣אמֶר	nsubj	Absalom
4	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	5 יוֹאָ֡ב	case	to
5	יוֹאָ֡ב	יוֹאָב	PROPN	_	2 יֹּ֣אמֶר	obl	Joab
6	הִנֵּ֣ה	הִנֵּה	INTJ	_	7 שָׁלַ֣חְתִּי	discourse	here!
7	שָׁלַ֣חְתִּי	שָׁלַח	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=1	2 יֹּ֣אמֶר	ccomp	I sent
8	אֵלֶ֣י	אֶל	ADP	_	9 ךָ	case	to
9	ךָ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	7 שָׁלַ֣חְתִּי	obl	you
10	׀	׀	PUNCT	_	9 ךָ	punct
11	לֵ	לְ	ADP	ExtPos=SCONJ	13 בֹּ֣א	mark	(cmp)
12	אמֹ֡ר	אָמַר	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	11 לֵ	fixed
13	בֹּ֣א	בּוֹא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=2	7 שָׁלַ֣חְתִּי	advcl	come
14	הֵ֠נָּה	הֵנָּה	ADV	_	13 בֹּ֣א	advmod	here
15	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	16 אֶשְׁלְחָה֩	cc	so
16	אֶשְׁלְחָה֩	שָׁלַח	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=1	13 בֹּ֣א	conj	that I may send
17	אֹת	אֵת	ADP	_	18 ְךָ֨	case
18	ְךָ֨	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	16 אֶשְׁלְחָה֩	obj	you
19	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	21 מֶּ֜לֶךְ	case	to
20	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	21 מֶּ֜לֶךְ	det	the
21	מֶּ֜לֶךְ	מֶלֶךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	16 אֶשְׁלְחָה֩	obl	king
22	לֵ	לְ	ADP	ExtPos=SCONJ	26 בָּ֙אתִי֙	mark	(cmp)
23	אמֹ֗ר	אָמַר	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	22 לֵ	fixed
24	לָ֤	לָמָה	ADP	_	25 מָּה	case
25	מָּה	מָה	PRON	PronType=Int	26 בָּ֙אתִי֙	obl	why?
26	בָּ֙אתִי֙	בּוֹא	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=1	16 אֶשְׁלְחָה֩	advcl	have I come
27	מִ	מִן	ADP	_	28 גְּשׁ֔וּר	case	from
28	גְּשׁ֔וּר	גְּשׁוּר	PROPN	_	26 בָּ֙אתִי֙	obl	Geshur
29	ט֥וֹב	טוֹב	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	26 בָּ֙אתִי֙	parataxis	[was] good
30	ל	לְ	ADP	_	31 ִ֖י	case	for
31	ִ֖י	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	29 ט֥וֹב	obl	me
32	עֹ֣ד	עוֹד	ADV	_	34 שָׁ֑ם	advmod	still
33	אֲנִי־	אֲנִי	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	34 שָׁ֑ם	nsubj	I
34	שָׁ֑ם	שָׁם	ADV	_	29 ט֥וֹב	nsubj	[was] there
35	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	13 בֹּ֣א	cc	and
36	עַתָּ֗ה	עַתָּה	ADV	_	13 בֹּ֣א	advmod	therefore
37	אֶרְאֶה֙	רָאָה	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=1	13 בֹּ֣א	conj	let me see
38	פְּנֵ֣י	פָּנֶה	NOUN	Number=Plur	37 אֶרְאֶה֙	obj	the face
39	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	40 מֶּ֔לֶךְ	det	of
40	מֶּ֔לֶךְ	מֶלֶךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	38 פְּנֵ֣י	compound:smixut	the king
41	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	48 הֱמִת	cc	and
42	אִם־	אִם	SCONJ	_	43 יֶשׁ־	mark	if
43	יֶשׁ־	יֵשׁ	ADV	_	48 הֱמִת	advcl	there [is]
44	בּ	בְּ	ADP	_	45 ִ֥י	case	in
45	ִ֥י	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	43 יֶשׁ־	obl	me
46	עָוֺ֖ן	עָוֺן	NOUN	Number=Sing	43 יֶשׁ־	nsubj	iniquity
47	וֶ	וְ	CCONJ	_	48 הֱמִת	cc	and
48	הֱמִת	מוּת	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3	37 אֶרְאֶה֙	conj	he
49	ָֽנִי	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	48 הֱמִת	obj	will kill me
50	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	49 ָֽנִי	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: no
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	who makes it happen (AA)
יֹּאמֶר he said	wayyiqtol · qal	אַבְשָׁלוֹם Absalom
שָׁלַחְתִּי I sent	qatal · qal	אַבְשָׁלוֹם Absalom
אמֹר	infinitive construct · qal	אַבְשָׁלוֹם Absalom	בֹּא come + אֶשְׁלְחָה that I may send + אֶרְאֶה let me see + יֶשׁ־ there [is] + הֱמִת he
בֹּא come	imperative · qal	יוֹאָב Joab
אֶשְׁלְחָה that I may send	cohortative · qal	אַבְשָׁלוֹם Absalom	ְךָ you
אמֹר	infinitive construct · qal	יוֹאָב Joab	בָּאתִי have I come
בָּאתִי have I come	qatal · qal	אַבְשָׁלוֹם Absalom
אֶרְאֶה let me see	cohortative · qal	אַבְשָׁלוֹם Absalom	פְּנֵי the face
הֱמִת he	weqatal · hiphil	ָֽנִי will kill me		מֶּלֶךְ the king

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וַאֲמַר אַבְשָׁלוֹם לְיוֹאָב הָא שְׁלָחִית לְוָתָךְ לְמֵימָר אִיתָא הַלְכָא וְאִשְׁלְחִינָךְ לְוַת מַלְכָּא לְמֵימַר לְמָה אָתֵיתִי מִגְשׁוּר טַב לִי עוֹד דַאֲנָא תַמָן וּכְעַן אֶחֱזֵי אַפֵּי מַלְכָּא וְאִם אִית בִּי חוֹבָא וְיִקְטְלִינַנִי:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And Absalom answered Joab: 'Behold, I sent unto thee, saying: Come hither, that I may send thee to the king, to say: Wherefore am I come from Geshur? it were better for me to be there still; now therefore let me see the king's face; and if there be iniquity in me, let him kill me.'

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:2SA:365.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.14.32/