2 Samuel 17:16 שְׁמוּאֵל ב

Who acts: you, people · What happens: send, tell, say, not lodge, pass over, swallow up · To what, where: David, plains, wise, king · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is 2 Samuel 17:16 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — you, people — and what happens in the verse to David, plains, wise, king, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וְעַתָּ֡ה שִׁלְח֣וּ מְהֵרָה֩ וְהַגִּ֨ידוּ לְדָוִ֜ד לֵאמֹ֗ר אַל־תָּ֤לֶן הַלַּ֙יְלָה֙ בְּעַֽרְב֣וֹת הַמִּדְבָּ֔ר וְגַ֖ם עָב֣וֹר תַּעֲב֑וֹר פֶּ֚ן יְבֻלַּ֣ע לַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וּלְכָל־הָעָ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר אִתּֽוֹ׃

Now therefore send quickly, and tell David, saying: Lodge not this night in the plains of the wilderness, but in any wise pass over; lest the king be swallowed up, and all the people that are with him.'

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 עַתָּ֡ה	cc	and
2	עַתָּ֡ה	עַתָּה	ADV	_	root	root	therefore
3	שִׁלְח֣וּ	שָׁלַח	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=2	2 עַתָּ֡ה	parataxis	send
4	מְהֵרָה֩	מְהֵרָה	ADV	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	3 שִׁלְח֣וּ	advmod	quickly
5	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	6 הַגִּ֨ידוּ	cc	and
6	הַגִּ֨ידוּ	נָגַד	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Plur Person=2	2 עַתָּ֡ה	conj	tell
7	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	8 דָוִ֜ד	case	to
8	דָוִ֜ד	דָּוִד	PROPN	_	6 הַגִּ֨ידוּ	obl	David
9	לֵ	לְ	ADP	ExtPos=SCONJ	12 תָּ֤לֶן	mark	(cmp)
10	אמֹ֗ר	אָמַר	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	9 לֵ	fixed
11	אַל־	אַל	ADV	_	12 תָּ֤לֶן	advmod	do not
12	תָּ֤לֶן	לין	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=2	6 הַגִּ֨ידוּ	advcl	pass the night
13	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	14 לַּ֙יְלָה֙	det	this
14	לַּ֙יְלָה֙	לַיְלָה	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	12 תָּ֤לֶן	obl	night
15	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	16 עַֽרְב֣וֹת	case	at
16	עַֽרְב֣וֹת	עֲרָבָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Plur	12 תָּ֤לֶן	obl	the desert plains
17	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	18 מִּדְבָּ֔ר	det	of
18	מִּדְבָּ֔ר	מִדְבָּר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	16 עַֽרְב֣וֹת	compound:smixut	the wilderness
19	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	22 תַּעֲב֑וֹר	cc	and
20	גַ֖ם	גַּם	ADV	_	22 תַּעֲב֑וֹר	advmod	also
21	עָב֣וֹר	עָבַר	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	22 תַּעֲב֑וֹר	obl:npmod	definitely (pass over)
22	תַּעֲב֑וֹר	עָבַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=2	2 עַתָּ֡ה	conj	you will pass over
23	פֶּ֚ן	פֶּן	SCONJ	_	24 יְבֻלַּ֣ע	mark	lest
24	יְבֻלַּ֣ע	בָּלַע	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PUAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 עַתָּ֡ה	advcl	it should be swallowed up
25	לַ	לְ	ADP	_	27 מֶּ֔לֶךְ	case	to
26	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	27 מֶּ֔לֶךְ	det	the
27	מֶּ֔לֶךְ	מֶלֶךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	24 יְבֻלַּ֣ע	obl	king
28	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	30 כָל־	cc	and
29	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	30 כָל־	case	to
30	כָל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	27 מֶּ֔לֶךְ	conj	all
31	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	32 עָ֖ם	det	the
32	עָ֖ם	עַם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	30 כָל־	compound:smixut	people
33	אֲשֶׁ֥ר	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	35 ֽוֹ	mark	which
34	אִתּ	אֵת	ADP	_	35 ֽוֹ	case	[is] with
35	ֽוֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	30 כָל־	acl:relcl	him
36	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	35 ֽוֹ	punct

Pragmatics

form: command
act: request
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: yes
the frame alone: decl · assert · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)
שִׁלְחוּ send	imperative · qal
הַגִּידוּ tell	imperative · hiphil
אמֹר	infinitive construct · qal
not תָּלֶן pass the night	jussive · qal	דָוִד David
תַּעֲבוֹר you will pass over	yiqtol · qal	דָוִד David

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וּכְעַן שְׁלָחוּ בִּפְרִיעַ וְחַווּ לְדָוִד לְמֵימַר לָא תָבִית בְּלֵילְיָא בְּמַשְׁרֵי מַדְבְּרָא וְאַף מֶעְבַּר תֶּעְבַּר דִילְמָא יִתַּהֲנֵי לְמַלְכָּא וּלְכָל עַמָא דִי עִמֵיהּ:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Now therefore send quickly, and tell David, saying: Lodge not this night in the plains of the wilderness, but in any wise pass over; lest the king be swallowed up, and all the people that are with him.'

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:2SA:442.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.17.16/