2 Samuel 17:23 שְׁמוּאֵל ב

Who acts: Ahithophel, David · What happens: see, not follow, saddle, arise, get, set · To what, where: counsel, ass, David, house, order, sepulchre · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is 2 Samuel 17:23 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Ahithophel, David — and what happens in the verse to counsel, ass, David, house, order, sepulchre, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַאֲחִיתֹ֣פֶל רָאָ֗ה כִּ֣י לֹ֣א נֶעֶשְׂתָה֮ עֲצָתוֹ֒ וַיַּחֲבֹ֣שׁ אֶֽת־הַחֲמ֗וֹר וַיָּ֜קָם וַיֵּ֤לֶךְ אֶל־בֵּיתוֹ֙ אֶל־עִיר֔וֹ וַיְצַ֥ו אֶל־בֵּית֖וֹ וַיֵּחָנַ֑ק וַיָּ֕מָת וַיִּקָּבֵ֖ר בְּקֶ֥בֶר אָבִֽיו׃ס

And when Ahithophel saw that his counsel was not followed, he saddled his ass, and arose, and got him home, unto his city, and set his house in order, and strangled himself; and he died, and was buried in the sepulchre of his father.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	3 רָאָ֗ה	cc	and
2	אֲחִיתֹ֣פֶל	אֲחִיתֹפֶל	PROPN	_	3 רָאָ֗ה	nsubj	Ahithophel
3	רָאָ֗ה	רָאָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he saw
4	כִּ֣י	כִּי	SCONJ	_	6 נֶעֶשְׂתָה֮	mark	(dm) that
5	לֹ֣א	לֹא	ADV	_	6 נֶעֶשְׂתָה֮	advmod	not
6	נֶעֶשְׂתָה֮	עָשָׂה	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Sing Person=3	3 רָאָ֗ה	ccomp	it was done
7	עֲצָת	עֵצָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	6 נֶעֶשְׂתָה֮	nsubj	counsel
8	וֹ֒	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 עֲצָת	nmod:poss	his
9	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	10 יַּחֲבֹ֣שׁ	cc	and
10	יַּחֲבֹ֣שׁ	חָבַשׁ	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	3 רָאָ֗ה	conj	he saddled
11	אֶֽת־	אֵת	ADP	_	13 חֲמ֗וֹר	case	(et)
12	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	13 חֲמ֗וֹר	det	the
13	חֲמ֗וֹר	חֲמוֹר	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 יַּחֲבֹ֣שׁ	obj	donkey
14	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	15 יָּ֜קָם	cc	and
15	יָּ֜קָם	קוּם	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	3 רָאָ֗ה	conj	he arose
16	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	17 יֵּ֤לֶךְ	cc	and
17	יֵּ֤לֶךְ	הלך	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	15 יָּ֜קָם	conj	he went
18	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	19 בֵּית	case	to
19	בֵּית	בַּיִת	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	17 יֵּ֤לֶךְ	obl	house
20	וֹ֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	19 בֵּית	nmod:poss	his
21	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	22 עִיר	case	to
22	עִיר	עִיר	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	17 יֵּ֤לֶךְ	obl	city
23	֔וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	22 עִיר	nmod:poss	his
24	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	25 יְצַ֥ו	cc	and
25	יְצַ֥ו	צָוָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Sing Person=3	3 רָאָ֗ה	conj	he commanded
26	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	27 בֵּית	case	concerning
27	בֵּית	בַּיִת	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	25 יְצַ֥ו	obl	household
28	֖וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	27 בֵּית	nmod:poss	his
29	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	30 יֵּחָנַ֑ק	cc	and
30	יֵּחָנַ֑ק	חָנַק	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Sing Person=3	3 רָאָ֗ה	conj	he hanged himself
31	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	32 יָּ֕מָת	cc	and
32	יָּ֕מָת	מוּת	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	3 רָאָ֗ה	conj	he died
33	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	34 יִּקָּבֵ֖ר	cc	and
34	יִּקָּבֵ֖ר	קָבַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Sing Person=3	3 רָאָ֗ה	conj	he was buried
35	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	36 קֶ֥בֶר	case	in
36	קֶ֥בֶר	קֶבֶר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	34 יִּקָּבֵ֖ר	obl	the tomb
37	אָבִֽי	אָב	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	36 קֶ֥בֶר	compound:smixut	his father
38	ו	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	37 אָבִֽי	nmod:poss	his
39	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	38 ו	punct
40	ס	ס	PUNCT	_	38 ו	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: yes

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
רָאָה he saw	qatal · qal	אֲחִיתֹפֶל Ahithophel	נֶעֶשְׂתָה it was done
not נֶעֶשְׂתָה it was done	qatal · niphal		עֲצָת counsel
יַּחֲבֹשׁ he saddled	wayyiqtol · qal	אֲחִיתֹפֶל Ahithophel	חֲמוֹר donkey
יָּקָם he arose	wayyiqtol · qal	אֲחִיתֹפֶל Ahithophel
יֵּלֶךְ he went	wayyiqtol · qal	אֲחִיתֹפֶל Ahithophel
יְצַו he commanded	wayyiqtol · piel	אֲחִיתֹפֶל Ahithophel
יֵּחָנַק he hanged himself	wayyiqtol · niphal	אֲחִיתֹפֶל Ahithophel
יָּמָת he died	wayyiqtol · qal	אֲחִיתֹפֶל Ahithophel
יִּקָּבֵר he was buried	wayyiqtol · niphal		אֲחִיתֹפֶל Ahithophel

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וַאֲחִיתוֹפֶל חֲזָא אֲרֵי לָא אִתְקַיָם מִלְכֵּיהּ וְזָרֵיז יַת חֲמָרָא וְקָם וַאֲזַל לְבֵיתֵיהּ וּלְקַרְתֵּיהּ וּפַקֵיד עַל אֱנַשׁ בֵּיתֵיהּ וְאִתְחַנַק וּמִית וְאִתְקְבַר בִּקְבְרָא דַאֲבוּהִי:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And when Ahithophel saw that his counsel was not followed, he saddled his ass, and arose, and got him home, unto his city, and set his house in order, and strangled himself; and he died, and was buried in the sepulchre of his father.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:2SA:449.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.17.23/