2 Samuel 17:22 שְׁמוּאֵל ב

Who acts: David, people, groats · What happens: arise, be, pass, not lack, not go · To what, where: Jordan, one

This is 2 Samuel 17:22 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — David, people, groats — and what happens in the verse to Jordan, one, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיָּ֣קָם דָּוִ֗ד וְכָל־הָעָם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אִתּ֔וֹ וַיַּעַבְר֖וּ אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן עַד־א֣וֹר הַבֹּ֗קֶר עַד־אַחַד֙ לֹ֣א נֶעְדָּ֔ר אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־עָבַ֖ר אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּֽן׃

Then David arose, and all the people that were with him, and they passed over the Jordan; by the morning light there lacked not one of them that was not gone over the Jordan.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יָּ֣קָם	cc	and
2	יָּ֣קָם	קוּם	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he arose
3	דָּוִ֗ד	דָּוִד	PROPN	_	2 יָּ֣קָם	nsubj	David
4	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	5 כָל־	cc	and
5	כָל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	3 דָּוִ֗ד	conj	all
6	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	7 עָם֙	det	the
7	עָם֙	עַם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	5 כָל־	compound:smixut	people
8	אֲשֶׁ֣ר	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	10 ֔וֹ	mark	which
9	אִתּ	אֵת	ADP	_	10 ֔וֹ	case	[was] with
10	֔וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 כָל־	acl:relcl	him
11	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	12 יַּעַבְר֖וּ	cc	and
12	יַּעַבְר֖וּ	עָבַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יָּ֣קָם	conj	they passed over
13	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	15 יַּרְדֵּ֑ן	case	(et)
14	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	15 יַּרְדֵּ֑ן	det	the
15	יַּרְדֵּ֑ן	יַרְדֵּן	PROPN	_	12 יַּעַבְר֖וּ	obl	Jordan
16	עַד־	עַד	ADP	_	17 א֣וֹר	case	until
17	א֣וֹר	אוֹר	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 נֶעְדָּ֔ר	obl	the light
18	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	19 בֹּ֗קֶר	det	of
19	בֹּ֗קֶר	בֹּקֶר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	17 א֣וֹר	compound:smixut	the morning
20	עַד־	עַד	ADP	_	21 אַחַד֙	case	up to
21	אַחַד֙	אֶחָד	NUM	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	23 נֶעְדָּ֔ר	obl	one [person]
22	לֹ֣א	לֹא	ADV	_	23 נֶעְדָּ֔ר	advmod	not
23	נֶעְדָּ֔ר	עָדַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יָּ֣קָם	parataxis	[was] missing
24	אֲשֶׁ֥ר	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	26 עָבַ֖ר	mark	[one] who
25	לֹא־	לֹא	ADV	_	26 עָבַ֖ר	advmod	not
26	עָבַ֖ר	עָבַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	23 נֶעְדָּ֔ר	acl:relcl	he had passed over
27	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	29 יַּרְדֵּֽן	case	(et)
28	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	29 יַּרְדֵּֽן	det	the
29	יַּרְדֵּֽן	יַרְדֵּן	PROPN	_	26 עָבַ֖ר	obl	Jordan
30	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	29 יַּרְדֵּֽן	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: yes

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יָּקָם he arose	wayyiqtol · qal	דָּוִד David + עָם people
יַּעַבְרוּ they passed over	wayyiqtol · qal	דָּוִד David + עָם people
not נֶעְדָּר [was] missing	qatal · niphal		עָבַר he had passed over
not עָבַר he had passed over	qatal · qal

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וְקָם דָוִד וְכָל עַמָא דִי עִמֵיהּ וַעֲבַרוּ יַת יַרְדְנָא עַד מַנְהַר צַפְרָא עַד חַד לָא שְׁגָא דְלָא עֲבַר יַת יַרְדְנָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Then David arose, and all the people that were with him, and they passed over the Jordan; by the morning light there lacked not one of them that was not gone over the Jordan.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:2SA:448.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.17.22/