2 Samuel 18:17 שְׁמוּאֵל ב

Who acts: people, Israel · What happens: take, cast, raise, flee · To what, where: Absalom, great pit, great heap, one, tent

This is 2 Samuel 18:17 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — people, Israel — and what happens in the verse to Absalom, great pit, great heap, one, tent, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיִּקְח֣וּ אֶת־אַבְשָׁל֗וֹם וַיַּשְׁלִ֨יכוּ אֹת֤וֹ בַיַּ֙עַר֙ אֶל־הַפַּ֣חַת הַגָּד֔וֹל וַיַּצִּ֧בוּ עָלָ֛יו גַּל־אֲבָנִ֖ים גָּד֣וֹל מְאֹ֑ד וְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל נָ֖סוּ אִ֥ישׁ לְאֹהָלָֽיו׃ס

And they took Absalom, and cast him into the great pit in the forest, and raised over him a very great heap of stones; and all Israel fled every one to his tent. —

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יִּקְח֣וּ	cc	and
2	יִּקְח֣וּ	לָקַח	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	root	root	they took
3	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	4 אַבְשָׁל֗וֹם	case	(et)
4	אַבְשָׁל֗וֹם	אַבְשָׁלֹום	PROPN	_	2 יִּקְח֣וּ	obj	Absalom
5	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	6 יַּשְׁלִ֨יכוּ	cc	and
6	יַּשְׁלִ֨יכוּ	שָׁלַךְ	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יִּקְח֣וּ	conj	they threw
7	אֹת	אֵת	ADP	_	8 ֤וֹ	case
8	֤וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 יַּשְׁלִ֨יכוּ	obj	him
9	בַ	בְּ	ADP	_	11 יַּ֙עַר֙	case	in
10	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	11 יַּ֙עַר֙	det	the
11	יַּ֙עַר֙	יַעַר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	6 יַּשְׁלִ֨יכוּ	obl	forest
12	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	14 פַּ֣חַת	case	into
13	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	14 פַּ֣חַת	det	the
14	פַּ֣חַת	פַּחַת	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	6 יַּשְׁלִ֨יכוּ	obl	pit
15	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	16 גָּד֔וֹל	det	(the)
16	גָּד֔וֹל	גָּדוֹל	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	14 פַּ֣חַת	amod	great
17	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	18 יַּצִּ֧בוּ	cc	and
18	יַּצִּ֧בוּ	נָצַב	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יִּקְח֣וּ	conj	they set up
19	עָלָ֛י	עַל	ADP	_	20 ו	case	over
20	ו	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 יַּצִּ֧בוּ	obl	him
21	גַּל־	גַּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	18 יַּצִּ֧בוּ	obj	a heap
22	אֲבָנִ֖ים	אֶבֶן	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Plur	21 גַּל־	compound:smixut	of stones
23	גָּד֣וֹל	גָּדוֹל	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	21 גַּל־	amod	great
24	מְאֹ֑ד	מְאֹד	ADV	_	23 גָּד֣וֹל	advmod	very
25	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	28 נָ֖סוּ	cc	and
26	כָל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	28 נָ֖סוּ	nsubj	all
27	יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל	יִשְׂרָאֵל	PROPN	_	26 כָל־	compound:smixut	Israel
28	נָ֖סוּ	נוּס	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יִּקְח֣וּ	conj	they fled
29	אִ֥ישׁ	אִישׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	28 נָ֖סוּ	obl	each
30	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	31 אֹהָלָֽי	case	to
31	אֹהָלָֽי	אֹהֶל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	28 נָ֖סוּ	obl	tents
32	ו	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	31 אֹהָלָֽי	nmod:poss	his
33	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	32 ו	punct
34	ס	ס	PUNCT	_	32 ו	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יִּקְחוּ they took	wayyiqtol · qal		אַבְשָׁלוֹם Absalom
יַּשְׁלִיכוּ they threw	wayyiqtol · hiphil	וֹ him
יַּצִּבוּ they set up	wayyiqtol · hiphil	גַּל־ a heap
נָסוּ they fled	qatal · qal	יִשְׂרָאֵל Israel

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וּנְסִיבוּ יַת אַבְשָׁלוֹם וּרְמוֹ יָתֵיהּ בְּחוּרְשָׁא לְגוֹ קוּמְצָא רַבָּה וַאֲקִימוּ עֲלוֹהִי דְגוֹר אַבְנִין רַב לַחֲדָא וְכָל יִשְׂרָאֵל אַפָּכוּ גְבַר לִקְרְווֹהִי:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And they took Absalom, and cast him into the great pit in the forest, and raised over him a very great heap of stones; and all Israel fled every one to his tent. —

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:2SA:472.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.18.17/