2 Samuel 18:16 שְׁמוּאֵל ב

Who acts: Joab, people · What happens: blow, return, pursue, hold back · To what, where: horn, people

This is 2 Samuel 18:16 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Joab, people — and what happens in the verse to horn, people, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיִּתְקַ֤ע יוֹאָב֙ בַּשֹּׁפָ֔ר וַיָּ֣שָׁב הָעָ֔ם מִרְדֹ֖ף אַחֲרֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כִּֽי־חָשַׂ֥ךְ יוֹאָ֖ב אֶת־הָעָֽם׃

And Joab blew the horn, and the people returned from pursuing after Israel; for Joab held back the people.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יִּתְקַ֤ע	cc	and
2	יִּתְקַ֤ע	תָּקַע	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he gave a blast
3	יוֹאָב֙	יוֹאָב	PROPN	_	2 יִּתְקַ֤ע	nsubj	Joab
4	בַּ	בְּ	ADP	_	6 שֹּׁפָ֔ר	case	on
5	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	6 שֹּׁפָ֔ר	det	the
6	שֹּׁפָ֔ר	שֹׁופָר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 יִּתְקַ֤ע	obl	trumpet
7	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	8 יָּ֣שָׁב	cc	and
8	יָּ֣שָׁב	שׁוּב	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יִּתְקַ֤ע	conj	it turned back
9	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	10 עָ֔ם	det	the
10	עָ֔ם	עַם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	8 יָּ֣שָׁב	nsubj	people
11	מִ	מִן	ADP	_	12 רְדֹ֖ף	case	from
12	רְדֹ֖ף	רָדַף	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	8 יָּ֣שָׁב	advcl	pursuing
13	אַחֲרֵ֣י	אַחַר	ADP	_	14 יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל	case	after
14	יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל	יִשְׂרָאֵל	PROPN	_	12 רְדֹ֖ף	obl	Israel
15	כִּֽי־	כִּי	SCONJ	_	16 חָשַׂ֥ךְ	mark	(dm)
16	חָשַׂ֥ךְ	חָשַׂךְ	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יִּתְקַ֤ע	advcl	he restrained
17	יוֹאָ֖ב	יוֹאָב	PROPN	_	16 חָשַׂ֥ךְ	nsubj	Joab
18	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	20 עָֽם	case	(et)
19	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	20 עָֽם	det	the
20	עָֽם	עַם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	16 חָשַׂ֥ךְ	obj	people
21	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	20 עָֽם	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יִּתְקַע he gave a blast	wayyiqtol · qal	יוֹאָב Joab
יָּשָׁב it turned back	wayyiqtol · qal	עָם people
רְדֹף pursuing	infinitive construct · qal	עָם people
חָשַׂךְ he restrained	qatal · qal	יוֹאָב Joab	עָֽם people

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וּתְקַע יוֹאָב בְּשׁוֹפָרָא וְתַב עַמָא מִלְמִרְדַף בָּתַר יִשְׂרָאֵל אֲרֵי מְנַע יוֹאָב יַת עַמָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And Joab blew the horn, and the people returned from pursuing after Israel; for Joab held back the people.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:2SA:471.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.18.16/