2 Samuel 18:16 · JPS 1917
And Joab blew the horn, and the people returned from pursuing after Israel; for Joab held back the people.
Who acts: Joab, people · What happens: blow, return, pursue, hold back · To what, where: horn, people
This is 2 Samuel 18:16 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Joab, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 3 blew | cc |
| 2 | Joab | Joab | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 blew | nsubj |
| 3 | blew | blow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 horn | det |
| 5 | horn | horn | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 blew | obj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 returned | punct |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 returned | cc |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 people | det |
| 9 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 returned | nsubj |
| 10 | returned | return | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 blew | conj |
| 11 | from | from | ADP | _ | 12 pursuing | mark |
| 12 | pursuing | pursue | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 10 returned | advcl |
| 13 | after | after | ADP | _ | 14 Israel | case |
| 14 | Israel | Israel | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 pursuing | obl |
| 15 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 18 held | punct |
| 16 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 18 held | mark |
| 17 | Joab | Joab | PROPN | Number=Sing | 18 held | nsubj |
| 18 | held | hold | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 blew | parataxis |
| 19 | back | back | ADP | _ | 18 held | compound:prt |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 people | det |
| 21 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 held | obj |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 blew | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- narrate
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | blow | past | Joab | the horn | vn split-23.2 «NP V NP apart»: agent=Agent horn=Patient | ||||
| 2 | return | past | the people | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | pursue | gerund | the people not said here | after Israel | vn chase-51.6 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent after israel=Theme | ||||
| 4 | hold back | past | Joab | the people | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
וַיִּתְקַ֤ע יוֹאָב֙ בַּשֹּׁפָ֔ר וַיָּ֣שָׁב הָעָ֔ם מִרְדֹ֖ף אַחֲרֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כִּֽי־חָשַׂ֥ךְ יוֹאָ֖ב אֶת־הָעָֽם׃
2 Samuel 18:16: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:2SA:528 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.528/