2 Samuel 18:23 שְׁמוּאֵל ב

Who acts: I, Joab, Ahimaaz · What happens: come, say, run, overrun · To what, where: Cushite · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is 2 Samuel 18:23 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, Joab, Ahimaaz — and what happens in the verse to Cushite, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וִיהִי־מָ֣ה אָר֔וּץ וַיֹּ֥אמֶר ל֖וֹ ר֑וּץ וַיָּ֤רָץ אֲחִימַ֙עַץ֙ דֶּ֣רֶךְ הַכִּכָּ֔ר וַֽיַּעֲבֹ֖ר אֶת־הַכּוּשִֽׁי׃

'But come what may, said he, I will run.' And he said unto him: 'Run.' Then Ahimaaz ran by the way of the Plain, and overran the Cushite.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וִ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יהִי־	cc	and
2	יהִי־	הָיָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	may it be
3	מָ֣ה	מָה	PRON	PronType=Int	2 יהִי־	nsubj	whatever
4	אָר֔וּץ	רוּץ	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=1	2 יהִי־	parataxis	I will run
5	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	6 יֹּ֥אמֶר	cc	and
6	יֹּ֥אמֶר	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יהִי־	conj	he said
7	ל	לְ	ADP	_	8 ֖וֹ	case	to
8	֖וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 יֹּ֥אמֶר	obl	him
9	ר֑וּץ	רוּץ	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=2	6 יֹּ֥אמֶר	ccomp	run
10	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	11 יָּ֤רָץ	cc	and
11	יָּ֤רָץ	רוּץ	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יהִי־	conj	he ran
12	אֲחִימַ֙עַץ֙	אֲחִימַעַץ	PROPN	_	11 יָּ֤רָץ	nsubj	Ahimaaz
13	דֶּ֣רֶךְ	דֶּרֶךְ	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 יָּ֤רָץ	obl	the way
14	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	15 כִּכָּ֔ר	det	of
15	כִּכָּ֔ר	כִּכָּר	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 דֶּ֣רֶךְ	compound:smixut	the plain
16	וַֽ	וְ	CCONJ	_	17 יַּעֲבֹ֖ר	cc	and
17	יַּעֲבֹ֖ר	עָבַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יהִי־	conj	he passed by
18	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	20 כּוּשִֽׁי	case	(et)
19	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	20 כּוּשִֽׁי	det	the
20	כּוּשִֽׁי	כֻּשִׁי	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	17 יַּעֲבֹ֖ר	obl	Cushite
21	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	20 כּוּשִֽׁי	punct

Pragmatics

form: command
act: request
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: no
the frame alone: decl · assert · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)
יהִי־ may it be	jussive · qal	מָה whatever
אָרוּץ I will run	yiqtol · qal
יֹּאמֶר he said	wayyiqtol · qal
רוּץ run	imperative · qal
יָּרָץ he ran	wayyiqtol · qal	אֲחִימַעַץ Ahimaaz
יַּעֲבֹר he passed by	wayyiqtol · qal	אֲחִימַעַץ Ahimaaz

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וִיהֵי מָא בִכְדֵין אֶרְהוּט וַאֲמַר לֵיהּ רְהוּט וּרְהַט אֲחִימַעַץ בְּאוֹרַח מֵישְׁרָא וּקְדִים יַת כּוּשִׁי:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

'But come what may, said he, I will run.' And he said unto him: 'Run.' Then Ahimaaz ran by the way of the Plain, and overran the Cushite.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:2SA:478.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.18.23/