2 Samuel 18:24 שְׁמוּאֵל ב

Who acts: David, watchman, man · What happens: sit, go up, lift up, look, run · To what, where: two gates, eyes, man

This is 2 Samuel 18:24 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — David, watchman, man — and what happens in the verse to two gates, eyes, man, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וְדָוִ֥ד יוֹשֵׁ֖ב בֵּין־שְׁנֵ֣י הַשְּׁעָרִ֑ים וַיֵּ֨לֶךְ הַצֹּפֶ֜ה אֶל־גַּ֤ג הַשַּׁ֙עַר֙ אֶל־הַ֣חוֹמָ֔ה וַיִּשָּׂ֤א אֶת־עֵינָיו֙ וַיַּ֔רְא וְהִנֵּה־אִ֖ישׁ רָ֥ץ לְבַדּֽוֹ׃

Now David sat between the two gates; and the watchman went up to the roof of the gate unto the wall, and lifted up his eyes, and looked, and behold a man running alone.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	3 יוֹשֵׁ֖ב	cc	and
2	דָוִ֥ד	דָּוִד	PROPN	_	3 יוֹשֵׁ֖ב	nsubj	David
3	יוֹשֵׁ֖ב	יָשַׁב	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	root	root	[was] sitting
4	בֵּין־	בֵּין	ADP	_	7 שְּׁעָרִ֑ים	case	between
5	שְׁנֵ֣י	שְׁנַיִם	NUM	Gender=Masc Number=Dual	7 שְּׁעָרִ֑ים	nummod	the two
6	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	7 שְּׁעָרִ֑ים	det	the
7	שְּׁעָרִ֑ים	שַׁעַר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	3 יוֹשֵׁ֖ב	obl	gates
8	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	9 יֵּ֨לֶךְ	cc	and
9	יֵּ֨לֶךְ	הלך	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	3 יוֹשֵׁ֖ב	conj	he went
10	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	11 צֹּפֶ֜ה	det	the
11	צֹּפֶ֜ה	צָפָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	9 יֵּ֨לֶךְ	nsubj	watchman
12	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	13 גַּ֤ג	case	to
13	גַּ֤ג	גָּג	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	9 יֵּ֨לֶךְ	obl	the roof
14	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	15 שַּׁ֙עַר֙	det	of
15	שַּׁ֙עַר֙	שַׁעַר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	13 גַּ֤ג	compound:smixut	the gate
16	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	18 חוֹמָ֔ה	case	to
17	הַ֣	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	18 חוֹמָ֔ה	det	the
18	חוֹמָ֔ה	חוֹמָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	9 יֵּ֨לֶךְ	obl	wall
19	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	20 יִּשָּׂ֤א	cc	and
20	יִּשָּׂ֤א	נָשָׂא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	3 יוֹשֵׁ֖ב	conj	he lifted up
21	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	22 עֵינָי	case	(et)
22	עֵינָי	עַיִן	NOUN	Number=Dual	20 יִּשָּׂ֤א	obj	eyes
23	ו֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	22 עֵינָי	nmod:poss	his
24	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	25 יַּ֔רְא	cc	and
25	יַּ֔רְא	רָאָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	3 יוֹשֵׁ֖ב	conj	he saw
26	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	29 רָ֥ץ	cc	and
27	הִנֵּה־	הִנֵּה	INTJ	_	29 רָ֥ץ	discourse	there!
28	אִ֖ישׁ	אִישׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	29 רָ֥ץ	nsubj	a man
29	רָ֥ץ	רוּץ	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	3 יוֹשֵׁ֖ב	conj	[was] running
30	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	31 בַדּ	case	he
31	בַדּ	בַּד	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	29 רָ֥ץ	obl
32	ֽוֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	31 בַדּ	nmod:poss	alone
33	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	32 ֽוֹ	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יוֹשֵׁב [was] sitting	participle active · qal	דָוִד David
יֵּלֶךְ he went	wayyiqtol · qal	צֹּפֶה watchman
יִּשָּׂא he lifted up	wayyiqtol · qal	צֹּפֶה watchman	עֵינָי eyes
יַּרְא he saw	wayyiqtol · qal	צֹּפֶה watchman
רָץ [was] running	participle active · qal	אִישׁ a man

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וְדָוִד יָתֵיב בֵּין תְּרֵין תַּרְעַיָא וְהַלִיךְ סַכְוָאָה עַל אִגַר תַּרְעָא עַל שׁוּרָא וּזְקֵף יַת עֵינוֹהִי וַחֲזָא וְהָא גַבְרָא רָהִיט בִּלְחוֹדוֹהִי:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Now David sat between the two gates; and the watchman went up to the roof of the gate unto the wall, and lifted up his eyes, and looked, and behold a man running alone.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:2SA:479.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.18.24/