2 Samuel 18:25 שְׁמוּאֵל ב

Who acts: watchman, king, tidings · What happens: cry, tell, say, be, come, draw · To what, where: king · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is 2 Samuel 18:25 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — watchman, king, tidings — and what happens in the verse to king, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיִּקְרָ֤א הַצֹּפֶה֙ וַיַּגֵּ֣ד לַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ אִם־לְבַדּ֖וֹ בְּשׂוֹרָ֣ה בְּפִ֑יו וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ הָל֖וֹךְ וְקָרֵֽב׃

And the watchman cried, and told the king. And the king said: 'If he be alone, there is tidings in his mouth.' And he came apace, and drew near.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יִּקְרָ֤א	cc	and
2	יִּקְרָ֤א	קָרָא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he called out
3	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	4 צֹּפֶה֙	det	the
4	צֹּפֶה֙	צָפָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	2 יִּקְרָ֤א	nsubj	watchman
5	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	6 יַּגֵּ֣ד	cc	and
6	יַּגֵּ֣ד	נָגַד	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יִּקְרָ֤א	conj	he told
7	לַ	לְ	ADP	_	9 מֶּ֔לֶךְ	case	to
8	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	9 מֶּ֔לֶךְ	det	the
9	מֶּ֔לֶךְ	מֶלֶךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	6 יַּגֵּ֣ד	obl	king
10	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	11 יֹּ֣אמֶר	cc	and
11	יֹּ֣אמֶר	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יִּקְרָ֤א	conj	he said
12	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	13 מֶּ֔לֶךְ	det	the
13	מֶּ֔לֶךְ	מֶלֶךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	11 יֹּ֣אמֶר	nsubj	king
14	אִם־	אִם	SCONJ	_	16 בַדּ	mark	if
15	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	16 בַדּ	case	he
16	בַדּ	בַּד	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	20 פִ֑י	advcl
17	֖וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 בַדּ	nmod:poss	alone
18	בְּשׂוֹרָ֣ה	בְּשֹׂרָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	20 פִ֑י	nsubj	news
19	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	20 פִ֑י	case	[is] in
20	פִ֑י	פֶּה	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	11 יֹּ֣אמֶר	ccomp	mouth
21	ו	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	20 פִ֑י	nmod:poss	his
22	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	23 יֵּ֥לֶךְ	cc	and
23	יֵּ֥לֶךְ	הלך	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יִּקְרָ֤א	conj	he came
24	הָל֖וֹךְ	הָלַךְ	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	23 יֵּ֥לֶךְ	advmod	coming
25	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	26 קָרֵֽב	cc	and
26	קָרֵֽב	קָרֵב	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	24 הָל֖וֹךְ	amod	approaching
27	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	26 קָרֵֽב	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: no
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)
יִּקְרָא he called out	wayyiqtol · qal	צֹּפֶה watchman
יַּגֵּד he told	wayyiqtol · hiphil	צֹּפֶה watchman
יֹּאמֶר he said	wayyiqtol · qal	מֶּלֶךְ king
יֵּלֶךְ he came	wayyiqtol · qal

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וּקְרָא סַכְוָאָה וְחַוֵי לְמַלְכָּא וַאֲמַר מַלְכָּא אִם בִּלְחוֹדוֹהִי הוּא בְּסוֹרְתָא בְּפוּמֵיהּ וַאֲזַל מֵיזַל וְקָרֵיב:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:2SA:480.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.18.25/