2 Samuel 18:26 שְׁמוּאֵל ב

Who acts: watchman, man, king · What happens: see, run, call, say, behold, bring · To what, where: man, tidings · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is 2 Samuel 18:26 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — watchman, man, king — and what happens in the verse to man, tidings, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיַּ֣רְא הַצֹּפֶה֮ אִישׁ־אַחֵ֣ר רָץ֒ וַיִּקְרָ֤א הַצֹּפֶה֙ אֶל־הַשֹּׁעֵ֔ר וַיֹּ֕אמֶר הִנֵּה־אִ֖ישׁ רָ֣ץ לְבַדּ֑וֹ וַיֹּ֥אמֶר הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ גַּם־זֶ֥ה מְבַשֵּֽׂר׃

And the watchman saw another man running; and the watchman called unto the porter, and said: 'Behold another man running alone.' And the king said: 'He also bringeth tidings.'

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יַּ֣רְא	cc	and
2	יַּ֣רְא	רָאָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he saw
3	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	4 צֹּפֶה֮	det	the
4	צֹּפֶה֮	צָפָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	2 יַּ֣רְא	nsubj	watchman
5	אִישׁ־	אִישׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	7 רָץ֒	nsubj	a man
6	אַחֵ֣ר	אַחֵר	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	5 אִישׁ־	amod	another
7	רָץ֒	רוּץ	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	2 יַּ֣רְא	ccomp	running
8	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	9 יִּקְרָ֤א	cc	and
9	יִּקְרָ֤א	קָרָא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יַּ֣רְא	conj	he called out
10	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	11 צֹּפֶה֙	det	the
11	צֹּפֶה֙	צָפָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	9 יִּקְרָ֤א	nsubj	watchman
12	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	14 שֹּׁעֵ֔ר	case	to
13	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	14 שֹּׁעֵ֔ר	det	the
14	שֹּׁעֵ֔ר	שֹׁועֵר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	9 יִּקְרָ֤א	obl	gatekeeper
15	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	16 יֹּ֕אמֶר	cc	and
16	יֹּ֕אמֶר	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יַּ֣רְא	conj	he said
17	הִנֵּה־	הִנֵּה	INTJ	_	19 רָ֣ץ	discourse	there!
18	אִ֖ישׁ	אִישׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	19 רָ֣ץ	nsubj	a man
19	רָ֣ץ	רוּץ	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	16 יֹּ֕אמֶר	ccomp	[is] running
20	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	21 בַדּ	case	he
21	בַדּ	בַּד	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	19 רָ֣ץ	obl
22	֑וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	21 בַדּ	nmod:poss	alone
23	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	24 יֹּ֥אמֶר	cc	and
24	יֹּ֥אמֶר	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יַּ֣רְא	conj	he said
25	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	26 מֶּ֖לֶךְ	det	the
26	מֶּ֖לֶךְ	מֶלֶךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	24 יֹּ֥אמֶר	nsubj	king
27	גַּם־	גַּם	ADV	_	28 זֶ֥ה	advmod	also
28	זֶ֥ה	זֶה	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing PronType=Dem	29 מְבַשֵּֽׂר	nsubj	this one
29	מְבַשֵּֽׂר	בָּשַׂר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Sing	24 יֹּ֥אמֶר	ccomp	[is] bearing news
30	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	29 מְבַשֵּֽׂר	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: no
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יַּרְא he saw	wayyiqtol · qal	צֹּפֶה watchman	רָץ running
רָץ running	participle active · qal	אִישׁ־ a man
יִּקְרָא he called out	wayyiqtol · qal	צֹּפֶה watchman
יֹּאמֶר he said	wayyiqtol · qal	צֹּפֶה watchman
רָץ [is] running	participle active · qal	אִישׁ a man
יֹּאמֶר he said	wayyiqtol · qal	מֶּלֶךְ king
מְבַשֵּֽׂר [is] bearing news	participle active · piel	זֶה this one

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וַחֲזָא סַכְוָאָה גַבְרָא אַחֲרָנָא רָהִיט וּקְרָא סַכְוָאָה לְנָטַר תַּרְעָא וַאֲמַר הָא גַבְרָא רָהִיט בִּלְחוֹדוֹהִי וַאֲמַר מַלְכָּא אַף דֵין מְבַסֵר:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And the watchman saw another man running; and the watchman called unto the porter, and said: 'Behold another man running alone.' And the king said: 'He also bringeth tidings.'

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:2SA:481.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.18.26/