2 Samuel 18:27 שְׁמוּאֵל ב

Who acts: watchman, I, running, king, foremost · What happens: say, think, be, come, run · To what, where: good man · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is 2 Samuel 18:27 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — watchman, I, running, king, foremost — and what happens in the verse to good man, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ הַצֹּפֶ֔ה אֲנִ֤י רֹאֶה֙ אֶת־מְרוּצַ֣ת הָרִאשׁ֔וֹן כִּמְרֻצַ֖ת אֲחִימַ֣עַץ בֶּן־צָד֑וֹק וַיֹּ֤אמֶר הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ אִֽישׁ־ט֣וֹב זֶ֔ה וְאֶל־בְּשׂוֹרָ֥ה טוֹבָ֖ה יָבֽוֹא׃

And the watchman said: 'I think the running of the foremost is like the running of Ahimaaz the son of Zadok.' And the king said: 'He is a good man, and cometh with good tidings.'

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יֹּ֙אמֶר֙	cc	and
2	יֹּ֙אמֶר֙	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he said
3	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	4 צֹּפֶ֔ה	det	the
4	צֹּפֶ֔ה	צָפָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	2 יֹּ֙אמֶר֙	nsubj	watchman
5	אֲנִ֤י	אֲנִי	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	6 רֹאֶה֙	nsubj	I
6	רֹאֶה֙	רָאָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	2 יֹּ֙אמֶר֙	ccomp	[am] seeing
7	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	8 מְרוּצַ֣ת	case	(et)
8	מְרוּצַ֣ת	מְרוּצָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	6 רֹאֶה֙	obj	the running
9	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	10 רִאשׁ֔וֹן	det	of
10	רִאשׁ֔וֹן	רִאשׁוֹן	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	8 מְרוּצַ֣ת	compound:smixut	the first [one]
11	כִּ	כְּ	ADP	_	12 מְרֻצַ֖ת	case	like
12	מְרֻצַ֖ת	מְרוּצָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	6 רֹאֶה֙	obl	the running
13	אֲחִימַ֣עַץ	אֲחִימַעַץ	PROPN	_	12 מְרֻצַ֖ת	compound:smixut	of Ahimaaz
14	בֶּן־	בֵּן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	13 אֲחִימַ֣עַץ	appos	the son
15	צָד֑וֹק	צָדוֹק	PROPN	_	14 בֶּן־	compound:smixut	of Zadok
16	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	17 יֹּ֤אמֶר	cc	and
17	יֹּ֤אמֶר	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יֹּ֙אמֶר֙	conj	he said
18	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	19 מֶּ֙לֶךְ֙	det	the
19	מֶּ֙לֶךְ֙	מֶלֶךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	17 יֹּ֤אמֶר	nsubj	king
20	אִֽישׁ־	אִישׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	17 יֹּ֤אמֶר	ccomp	[is] a man
21	ט֣וֹב	טוֹב	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	20 אִֽישׁ־	amod	good
22	זֶ֔ה	זֶה	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing PronType=Dem	20 אִֽישׁ־	nsubj	this
23	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	27 יָבֽוֹא	cc	and
24	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	25 בְּשׂוֹרָ֥ה	case	with
25	בְּשׂוֹרָ֥ה	בְּשֹׂרָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	27 יָבֽוֹא	obl	news
26	טוֹבָ֖ה	טוֹב	ADJ	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	25 בְּשׂוֹרָ֥ה	amod	good
27	יָבֽוֹא	בּוֹא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	20 אִֽישׁ־	conj	he is coming
28	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	27 יָבֽוֹא	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: no
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יֹּאמֶר he said	wayyiqtol · qal	צֹּפֶה watchman
רֹאֶה [am] seeing	participle active · qal	אֲנִי I	מְרוּצַת the running
יֹּאמֶר he said	wayyiqtol · qal	מֶּלֶךְ king
יָבֽוֹא he is coming	yiqtol · qal	אֲחִימַעַץ of Ahimaaz

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וַאֲמַר סַכְוָאָה אֲנָא חֲזֵי יַת רִיהֲטָא דְקַדְמָאָה כְּרִיהֲטָא דַאֲחִימַעַץ בַּר צָדוֹק וַאֲמַר מַלְכָּא גְבַר טַב דֵין וְאַף בְּסוֹרָא טָבָא יַיְתֵי:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And the watchman said: 'I think the running of the foremost is like the running of Ahimaaz the son of Zadok.' And the king said: 'He is a good man, and cometh with good tidings.'

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:2SA:482.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.18.27/