2 Samuel 18:27 · JPS 1917
And the watchman said: 'I think the running of the foremost is like the running of Ahimaaz the son of Zadok.' And the king said: 'He is a good man, and cometh with good tidings.'
Who acts: watchman, I, running, king, foremost · What happens: say, think, be, come, run · To what, where: good man · Speech: someone speaks here
This is 2 Samuel 18:27 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (watchman, I, running, king), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 4 said | cc |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 watchman | det |
| 3 | watchman | watchman | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 said | nsubj |
| 4 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 8 think | punct |
| 6 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 8 think | punct |
| 7 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 8 think | nsubj |
| 8 | think | think | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 said | ccomp |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 running | det |
| 10 | running | running | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 running | nsubj |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 foremost | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 foremost | det |
| 13 | foremost | foremost | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 running | nmod |
| 14 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 running | cop |
| 15 | like | like | ADP | _ | 17 running | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 running | det |
| 17 | running | running | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 think | ccomp |
| 18 | of | of | ADP | _ | 19 Ahimaaz | case |
| 19 | Ahimaaz | Ahimaaz | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 running | nmod |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 son | det |
| 21 | son | son | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 Ahimaaz | appos |
| 22 | of | of | ADP | _ | 23 Zadok | case |
| 23 | Zadok | Zadok | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 son | nmod |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 think | punct |
| 25 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 8 think | punct |
| 26 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 said | cc |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 king | det |
| 28 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 said | nsubj |
| 29 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 said | conj |
| 30 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 36 man | punct |
| 31 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 36 man | punct |
| 32 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 36 man | nsubj |
| 33 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 36 man | cop |
| 34 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 36 man | det |
| 35 | good | good | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 man | amod |
| 36 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 said | ccomp |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 cometh | punct |
| 38 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 39 cometh | cc |
| 39 | cometh | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 36 man | conj |
| 40 | with | with | ADP | _ | 42 tidings | case |
| 41 | good | good | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 42 tidings | amod |
| 42 | tidings | tiding | NOUN | Number=Plur | 39 cometh | obl |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 29 said | punct |
| 44 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 29 said | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- character
- polarity
- pos
- hedged
- yes
- teacher
- changed hedge=1
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | the watchman | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | think speech: other | present | I | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | is | present | the running of the foremost | like the running; of Ahimaaz | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | say speech: assert | past | the king | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | is a | present | king | a good man | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | come | present | king not said here | with good tidings | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 7 | run | the foremost | nom running «act intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ הַצֹּפֶ֔ה אֲנִ֤י רֹאֶה֙ אֶת־מְרוּצַ֣ת הָרִאשׁ֔וֹן כִּמְרֻצַ֖ת אֲחִימַ֣עַץ בֶּן־צָד֑וֹק וַיֹּ֤אמֶר הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ אִֽישׁ־ט֣וֹב זֶ֔ה וְאֶל־בְּשׂוֹרָ֥ה טוֹבָ֖ה יָבֽוֹא׃
2 Samuel 18:27: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:2SA:540 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.540/