2 Samuel 18:5 שְׁמוּאֵל ב

Who acts: king, people · What happens: command, say, deal, hear, give · To what, where: Joab, captains charge · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is 2 Samuel 18:5 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — king, people — and what happens in the verse to Joab, captains charge, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיְצַ֣ו הַמֶּ֡לֶךְ אֶת־י֠וֹאָב וְאֶת־אֲבִישַׁ֤י וְאֶת־אִתַּי֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר לְאַט־לִ֖י לַנַּ֣עַר לְאַבְשָׁל֑וֹם וְכָל־הָעָ֣ם שָׁמְע֗וּ בְּצַוֺּ֥ת הַמֶּ֛לֶךְ אֶת־כָּל־הַשָּׂרִ֖ים עַל־דְּבַ֥ר אַבְשָׁלֽוֹם׃

And the king commanded Joab and Abishai and Ittai, saying: 'Deal gently for my sake with the young man, even with Absalom.' And all the people heard when the king gave all the captains charge concerning Absalom.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יְצַ֣ו	cc	and
2	יְצַ֣ו	צָוָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he commanded
3	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	4 מֶּ֡לֶךְ	det	the
4	מֶּ֡לֶךְ	מֶלֶךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 יְצַ֣ו	nsubj	king
5	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	6 י֠וֹאָב	case	(et)
6	י֠וֹאָב	יוֹאָב	PROPN	_	2 יְצַ֣ו	obj	Joab
7	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	9 אֲבִישַׁ֤י	cc	and
8	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	9 אֲבִישַׁ֤י	case	(et)
9	אֲבִישַׁ֤י	אֲבִישַׁי	PROPN	_	6 י֠וֹאָב	conj	Abishai
10	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	12 אִתַּי֙	cc	and
11	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	12 אִתַּי֙	case	(et)
12	אִתַּי֙	אִתַּי	PROPN	_	6 י֠וֹאָב	conj	Ittai
13	לֵ	לְ	ADP	ExtPos=SCONJ	21 נַּ֣עַר	mark	(cmp)
14	אמֹ֔ר	אָמַר	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	13 לֵ	fixed
15	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	16 אַט־	case	to
16	אַט־	אַט	ADV	_	21 נַּ֣עַר	nsubj	gentleness
17	ל	לְ	ADP	_	18 ִ֖י	case	for
18	ִ֖י	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	21 נַּ֣עַר	obl	me
19	לַ	לְ	ADP	_	21 נַּ֣עַר	case	to
20	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	21 נַּ֣עַר	det	the young
21	נַּ֣עַר	נַעַר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 יְצַ֣ו	ccomp	man
22	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	23 אַבְשָׁל֑וֹם	case	to
23	אַבְשָׁל֑וֹם	אַבְשָׁלֹום	PROPN	_	21 נַּ֣עַר	nmod	Absalom
24	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	28 שָׁמְע֗וּ	cc	and
25	כָל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	28 שָׁמְע֗וּ	nsubj	all
26	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	27 עָ֣ם	det	the
27	עָ֣ם	עַם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	25 כָל־	compound:smixut	people
28	שָׁמְע֗וּ	שָׁמַע	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	21 נַּ֣עַר	conj	they heard
29	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	30 צַוֺּ֥ת	case	when
30	צַוֺּ֥ת	צָוָה	VERB	HebBinyan=PIEL	28 שָׁמְע֗וּ	advcl	commanded
31	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	32 מֶּ֛לֶךְ	det	the
32	מֶּ֛לֶךְ	מֶלֶךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	30 צַוֺּ֥ת	nsubj	king
33	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	34 כָּל־	case	(et)
34	כָּל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	30 צַוֺּ֥ת	obj	all
35	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	36 שָּׂרִ֖ים	det	the
36	שָּׂרִ֖ים	שַׂר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	34 כָּל־	compound:smixut	commanders
37	עַל־	עַל	ADP	_	38 דְּבַ֥ר	case	on
38	דְּבַ֥ר	דָּבָר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	30 צַוֺּ֥ת	obl	the matter
39	אַבְשָׁלֽוֹם	אַבְשָׁלֹום	PROPN	_	38 דְּבַ֥ר	compound:smixut	of Absalom
40	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	39 אַבְשָׁלֽוֹם	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: no
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יְצַו he commanded	wayyiqtol · piel	מֶּלֶךְ king	יוֹאָב Joab + אֲבִישַׁי Abishai + אִתַּי Ittai
אמֹר	infinitive construct · qal	מֶּלֶךְ king
שָׁמְעוּ they heard	qatal · qal	עָם people
צַוֺּת commanded	infinitive construct · piel	מֶּלֶךְ king	שָּׂרִים commanders

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וּפַקֵיד מַלְכָּא יַת יוֹאָב וְיַת אֲבִישַׁי וְיַת אִתַּי לְמֵימַר אִסְתַּמָרוּ לִי בְּעוּלֵימָא בְאַבְשָׁלוֹם וְכָל עַמָא שְׁמָעוּ כַּד פַּקֵיד מַלְכָּא יַת כָּל רַבְרְבַיָא עַל עֵיסַק אַבְשָׁלוֹם:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And the king commanded Joab and Abishai and Ittai, saying: 'Deal gently for my sake with the young man, even with Absalom.' And all the people heard when the king gave all the captains charge concerning Absalom.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:2SA:460.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.18.5/