2 Samuel 19:44 שְׁמוּאֵל ב

Who acts: men, We, ye, words · What happens: answer, say, have, despise, not have, bring back · To what, where: men, ten parts, right, David, us, advice · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is 2 Samuel 19:44 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — men, We, ye, words — and what happens in the verse to men, ten parts, right, David, us, advice, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיַּ֣עַן אִֽישׁ־יִשְׂרָאֵל֩ אֶת־אִ֨ישׁ יְהוּדָ֜ה וַיֹּ֗אמֶר עֶֽשֶׂר־יָד֨וֹת לִ֣י בַמֶּלֶךְ֮ וְגַם־בְּדָוִד֮ אֲנִ֣י מִמְּךָ֒ וּמַדּ֙וּעַ֙ הֱקִלֹּתַ֔נִי וְלֹא־הָיָ֨ה דְבָרִ֥י רִאשׁ֛וֹן לִ֖י לְהָשִׁ֣יב אֶת־מַלְכִּ֑י וַיִּ֙קֶשׁ֙ דְּבַר־אִ֣ישׁ יְהוּדָ֔ה מִדְּבַ֖ר אִ֥ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ס

And the men of Israel answered the men of Judah, and said: 'We have ten parts in the king, and we have also more right in David than ye; why then did ye despise us, that our advice should not be first had in bringing back our king?' And the words of the men of Judah were fiercer than the words of the men of Israel.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יַּ֣עַן	cc	and
2	יַּ֣עַן	עָנָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he answered
3	אִֽישׁ־	אִישׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 יַּ֣עַן	nsubj	the man
4	יִשְׂרָאֵל֩	יִשְׂרָאֵל	PROPN	_	3 אִֽישׁ־	compound:smixut	of Israel
5	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	6 אִ֨ישׁ	case	(et)
6	אִ֨ישׁ	אִישׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 יַּ֣עַן	obj	the man
7	יְהוּדָ֜ה	יְהוּדָה	PROPN	_	6 אִ֨ישׁ	compound:smixut	of Judah
8	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	9 יֹּ֗אמֶר	cc	and
9	יֹּ֗אמֶר	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יַּ֣עַן	conj	he said
10	עֶֽשֶׂר־	עֶשֶׂר	NUM	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	11 יָד֨וֹת	nummod	ten
11	יָד֨וֹת	יָד	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 ִ֣י	nsubj	hands
12	ל	לְ	ADP	_	13 ִ֣י	case	[belong] to
13	ִ֣י	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	9 יֹּ֗אמֶר	ccomp	me
14	בַ	בְּ	ADP	_	16 מֶּלֶךְ֮	case	in
15	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	16 מֶּלֶךְ֮	det	the
16	מֶּלֶךְ֮	מֶלֶךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	13 ִ֣י	obl	king
17	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	20 דָוִד֮	cc	and
18	גַם־	גַּם	ADV	_	20 דָוִד֮	advmod	also
19	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	20 דָוִד֮	case	in
20	דָוִד֮	דָּוִד	PROPN	_	13 ִ֣י	conj	David
21	אֲנִ֣י	אֲנִי	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	20 דָוִד֮	nsubj	I
22	מִמּ	מִן	ADP	_	23 ְךָ֒	case	more
23	ְךָ֒	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	20 דָוִד֮	obl	than you
24	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	26 הֱקִלֹּתַ֔	cc	and
25	מַדּ֙וּעַ֙	מַדּוּעַ	ADV	_	26 הֱקִלֹּתַ֔	advmod	why?
26	הֱקִלֹּתַ֔	קָלַל	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=2	13 ִ֣י	conj	did
27	נִי	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	26 הֱקִלֹּתַ֔	obj	you treat me with contempt
28	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	33 רִאשׁ֛וֹן	cc	and
29	לֹא־	לֹא	ADV	_	33 רִאשׁ֛וֹן	advmod	not
30	הָיָ֨ה	הָיָה	AUX	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	33 רִאשׁ֛וֹן	cop	was it?
31	דְבָר	דָּבָר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	33 רִאשׁ֛וֹן	nsubj	word
32	ִ֥י	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	31 דְבָר	nmod:poss	my
33	רִאשׁ֛וֹן	רִאשׁוֹן	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	13 ִ֣י	conj	first
34	ל	לְ	ADP	_	35 ִ֖י	case
35	ִ֖י	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	33 רִאשׁ֛וֹן	obl	my
36	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	37 הָשִׁ֣יב	case	to
37	הָשִׁ֣יב	שׁוּב	VERB	HebBinyan=HIPHIL	33 רִאשׁ֛וֹן	advcl	bring back
38	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	39 מַלְכּ	case	(et)
39	מַלְכּ	מֶלֶךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	37 הָשִׁ֣יב	obj	king
40	ִ֑י	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	39 מַלְכּ	nmod:poss	my
41	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	42 יִּ֙קֶשׁ֙	cc	and
42	יִּ֙קֶשׁ֙	קָשָׁה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יַּ֣עַן	conj	it was hard
43	דְּבַר־	דָּבָר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	42 יִּ֙קֶשׁ֙	nsubj	the word
44	אִ֣ישׁ	אִישׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	43 דְּבַר־	compound:smixut	of the man
45	יְהוּדָ֔ה	יְהוּדָה	PROPN	_	44 אִ֣ישׁ	compound:smixut	of Judah
46	מִ	מִן	ADP	_	47 דְּבַ֖ר	case	more
47	דְּבַ֖ר	דָּבָר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	42 יִּ֙קֶשׁ֙	obl	than the word
48	אִ֥ישׁ	אִישׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	47 דְּבַ֖ר	compound:smixut	of the man
49	יִשְׂרָאֵֽל	יִשְׂרָאֵל	PROPN	_	48 אִ֥ישׁ	compound:smixut	of Israel
50	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	49 יִשְׂרָאֵֽל	punct
51	ס	ס	PUNCT	_	49 יִשְׂרָאֵֽל	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: yes
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	who makes it happen (AA)
יַּעַן he answered	wayyiqtol · qal	אִֽישׁ־ the man	אִישׁ the man
יֹּאמֶר he said	wayyiqtol · qal	אִֽישׁ־ the man
הֱקִלֹּתַ did	qatal · hiphil	נִי you treat me with contempt		אִישׁ the man
הָיָה was it?	qatal · qal	דְבָר word
הָשִׁיב bring back	infinitive construct · hiphil	מַלְכּ king		אִֽישׁ־ the man
יִּקֶשׁ it was hard	wayyiqtol · qal	דְּבַר־ the word

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וַאֲתֵיב אֱנַשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל יַת אֱנַשׁ יְהוּדָה וַאֲמַר עַסְרָא חוּלָקִין אִית לִי בְּמַלְכָּא וְאַף בְּדָוִד אֲנָא רָעֵינָא מִנָךְ וּמָא דֵין אַשְׁטְתַנִי וְלָא הֲוָה פִתְגָמִי קַדְמוּתָא לִי לַאֲתָבָא יַת מַלְכִּי וּתְקֵיף פִּתְגַם אֱנַשׁ יְהוּדָה מִפִּתְגַם אֱנַשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And the men of Israel answered the men of Judah, and said: 'We have ten parts in the king, and we have also more right in David than ye; why then did ye despise us, that our advice should not be first had in bringing back our king?' And the words of the men of Judah were fiercer than the words of the men of Israel.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:2SA:531.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.19.44/