2 Samuel 2:26 שְׁמוּאֵל ב

Who acts: Abner, sword, thou · What happens: call, say, devour, not know, be, bid · To what, where: Joab, bitterness, end, people, brethren · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is 2 Samuel 2:26 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Abner, sword, thou — and what happens in the verse to Joab, bitterness, end, people, brethren, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיִּקְרָ֨א אַבְנֵ֜ר אֶל־יוֹאָ֗ב וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ הֲלָנֶ֙צַח֙ תֹּ֣אכַל חֶ֔רֶב הֲל֣וֹא יָדַ֔עְתָּה כִּֽי־מָרָ֥ה תִהְיֶ֖ה בָּאַחֲרוֹנָ֑ה וְעַד־מָתַי֙ לֹֽא־תֹאמַ֣ר לָעָ֔ם לָשׁ֖וּב מֵאַחֲרֵ֥י אֲחֵיהֶֽם׃

Then Abner called to Joab, and said: 'Shall the sword devour for ever? knowest thou not that it will be bitterness in the end? how long shall it be then, ere thou bid the people return from following their brethren?'

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יִּקְרָ֨א	cc	and
2	יִּקְרָ֨א	קָרָא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he called out
3	אַבְנֵ֜ר	אַבְנֵר	PROPN	_	2 יִּקְרָ֨א	nsubj	Abner
4	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	5 יוֹאָ֗ב	case	to
5	יוֹאָ֗ב	יוֹאָב	PROPN	_	2 יִּקְרָ֨א	obl	Joab
6	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	7 יֹּ֙אמֶר֙	cc	and
7	יֹּ֙אמֶר֙	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יִּקְרָ֨א	conj	he said
8	הֲ	הֲ	PART	_	11 תֹּ֣אכַל	advmod	?
9	לָ	לְ	ADP	_	10 נֶ֙צַח֙	case	to
10	נֶ֙צַח֙	נֵצַח	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	11 תֹּ֣אכַל	obl	perpetuity
11	תֹּ֣אכַל	אָכַל	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	7 יֹּ֙אמֶר֙	ccomp	will it devour
12	חֶ֔רֶב	חֶרֶב	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	11 תֹּ֣אכַל	nsubj	[the] sword
13	הֲ	הֲ	PART	_	15 יָדַ֔עְתָּה	advmod	?
14	ל֣וֹא	לֹא	ADV	_	15 יָדַ֔עְתָּה	advmod	not
15	יָדַ֔עְתָּה	יָדַע	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=2	11 תֹּ֣אכַל	parataxis	do you know
16	כִּֽי־	כִּי	SCONJ	_	21 אַחֲרוֹנָ֑ה	mark	(dm) that
17	מָרָ֥ה	מַר	ADJ	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	21 אַחֲרוֹנָ֑ה	nsubj	bitter
18	תִהְיֶ֖ה	הָיָה	AUX	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	21 אַחֲרוֹנָ֑ה	cop	it will be
19	בָּ	בְּ	ADP	_	21 אַחֲרוֹנָ֑ה	case	at
20	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	21 אַחֲרוֹנָ֑ה	det	the
21	אַחֲרוֹנָ֑ה	אַחֲרוֹן	ADJ	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	15 יָדַ֔עְתָּה	ccomp	last
22	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	26 תֹאמַ֣ר	cc	and
23	עַד־	עַד	ADP	_	26 תֹאמַ֣ר	obl	until
24	מָתַי֙	מָתַי	PART	_	23 עַד־	advmod	when?
25	לֹֽא־	לֹא	ADV	_	26 תֹאמַ֣ר	advmod	not
26	תֹאמַ֣ר	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=2	11 תֹּ֣אכַל	conj	will you say
27	לָ	לְ	ADP	_	29 עָ֔ם	case	to
28	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	29 עָ֔ם	det	the
29	עָ֔ם	עַם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	26 תֹאמַ֣ר	obl	people
30	לָ	לְ	ADP	_	31 שׁ֖וּב	case	to
31	שׁ֖וּב	שׁוּב	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	26 תֹאמַ֣ר	advcl	turn back
32	מֵ	מִן	ADP	_	34 אֲחֵי	case	from
33	אַחֲרֵ֥י	אַחַר	ADP	_	34 אֲחֵי	case	after
34	אֲחֵי	אָח	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	31 שׁ֖וּב	obl	brothers
35	הֶֽם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	34 אֲחֵי	nmod:poss	their
36	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	35 הֶֽם	punct

Pragmatics

form: yes/no question
act: ask
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: yes
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יִּקְרָא he called out	wayyiqtol · qal	אַבְנֵר Abner
יֹּאמֶר he said	wayyiqtol · qal	אַבְנֵר Abner
תֹּאכַל will it devour	yiqtol · qal	חֶרֶב [the] sword
not יָדַעְתָּה do you know	qatal · qal	יוֹאָב Joab	תִהְיֶה it will be
תִהְיֶה it will be	yiqtol · qal	מָרָה bitter
not תֹאמַר will you say	yiqtol · qal	יוֹאָב Joab
שׁוּב turn back	infinitive construct · qal

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וּקְרָא אַבְנֵר לְיוֹאָב וַאֲמַר הַלְאַפְרֵשׁ תִּקְטוֹל חַרְבָּא הֲלָא יְדַעְתָּא אֲרֵי מְרִירָא תְהֵי בְסוֹפָא וְעַד אֵימָתַי לָא תֵימַר לְעַמָא לְמִתַּב מִבָּתַר אֲחֵיהוֹן:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Then Abner called to Joab, and said: 'Shall the sword devour for ever? knowest thou not that it will be bitterness in the end? how long shall it be then, ere thou bid the people return from following their brethren?'

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:2SA:52.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.2.26/