2 Samuel 2:26 · JPS 1917

Then Abner called to Joab, and said: 'Shall the sword devour for ever? knowest thou not that it will be bitterness in the end? how long shall it be then, ere thou bid the people return from following their brethren?'

Who acts: Abner, sword, thou · What happens: call, say, devour, not know, be, bid · To what, where: Joab, bitterness, end, people, brethren · Speech: someone speaks here

This is 2 Samuel 2:26 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Abner, sword, thou), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	3 called	advmod
2	Abner	Abner	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 called	nsubj
3	called	call	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	to	to	ADP	_	5 Joab	case
5	Joab	Joab	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 called	obl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 said	punct
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 said	cc
8	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 called	conj
9	:	:	PUNCT	_	14 devour	punct
10	'	'	PUNCT	_	14 devour	punct
11	Shall	shall	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	14 devour	aux
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 sword	det
13	sword	sword	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 devour	nsubj
14	devour	devour	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	8 said	ccomp
15	for	for	ADP	_	16 ever	case
16	ever	ever	ADV	_	14 devour	obl
17	?	?	PUNCT	_	14 devour	punct
18	knowest	know	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 said	parataxis
19	thou	thou	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch	18 knowest	nsubj
20	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	18 knowest	advmod
21	that	that	SCONJ	_	25 bitterness	mark
22	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	25 bitterness	nsubj
23	will	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	25 bitterness	aux
24	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	25 bitterness	cop
25	bitterness	bitterness	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 knowest	ccomp
26	in	in	ADP	_	28 end	case
27	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	28 end	det
28	end	end	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 bitterness	obl
29	?	?	PUNCT	_	18 knowest	punct
30	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	31 long	advmod
31	long	long	ADV	Degree=Pos	8 said	parataxis
32	shall	shall	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	31 long	aux
33	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	31 long	nsubj
34	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	31 long	cop
35	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	31 long	advmod
36	,	,	PUNCT	_	39 bid	punct
37	ere	ere	SCONJ	_	39 bid	mark
38	thou	thou	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch	39 bid	nsubj
39	bid	bid	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	31 long	advcl
40	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	41 people	det
41	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	39 bid	obj
42	return	return	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	39 bid	ccomp
43	from	from	SCONJ	_	44 following	mark
44	following	follow	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	42 return	advcl
45	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	46 brethren	nmod:poss
46	brethren	brethren	NOUN	Number=Plur	44 following	obj
47	?	?	PUNCT	_	31 long	punct
48	'	'	PUNCT	_	31 long	punct

Pragmatics

form: yes/no question
act: ask
voice: character
polarity: none
teacher: changed act=ask, indirect=0

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	when	other	roles by
1	call	past	Abner		Joab	then		vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to joab=Recipient
2	say speech: assert	past	Abner not said here					vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
3	devour	shall	the sword					vn devour-39.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
4	not know	present	thou					vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
5	is a	future	sword	bitterness		in the end		tree rules
6	is	shall	sword			then	long property	tree rules
7	bid	present	thou	the people				tree rules
8	return	infinitive	thou not said here					vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
9	follow	gerund	thou not said here	Joab's brethren				vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent brethren=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The Hebrew of this verse

וַיִּקְרָ֨א אַבְנֵ֜ר אֶל־יוֹאָ֗ב וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ הֲלָנֶ֙צַח֙ תֹּ֣אכַל חֶ֔רֶב הֲל֣וֹא יָדַ֔עְתָּה כִּֽי־מָרָ֥ה תִהְיֶ֖ה בָּאַחֲרוֹנָ֑ה וְעַד־מָתַי֙ לֹֽא־תֹאמַ֣ר לָעָ֔ם לָשׁ֖וּב מֵאַחֲרֵ֥י אֲחֵיהֶֽם׃

2 Samuel 2:26: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →

Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:2SA:60 of Mova's parse database.

The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.60/