2 Samuel 2:28 שְׁמוּאֵל ב

Who acts: Joab, people · What happens: blow, stand, pursue, fight · To what, where: horn

This is 2 Samuel 2:28 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Joab, people — and what happens in the verse to horn, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיִּתְקַ֤ע יוֹאָב֙ בַּשּׁוֹפָ֔ר וַיַּֽעַמְדוּ֙ כָּל־הָעָ֔ם וְלֹֽא־יִרְדְּפ֥וּ ע֖וֹד אַחֲרֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְלֹֽא־יָסְפ֥וּ ע֖וֹד לְהִלָּחֵֽם׃

So Joab blew the horn, and all the people stood still, and pursued after Israel no more, neither fought they any more.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יִּתְקַ֤ע	cc	and
2	יִּתְקַ֤ע	תָּקַע	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he gave a blast
3	יוֹאָב֙	יוֹאָב	PROPN	_	2 יִּתְקַ֤ע	nsubj	Joab
4	בַּ	בְּ	ADP	_	6 שּׁוֹפָ֔ר	case	on
5	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	6 שּׁוֹפָ֔ר	det	the
6	שּׁוֹפָ֔ר	שֹׁופָר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 יִּתְקַ֤ע	obl	trumpet
7	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	8 יַּֽעַמְדוּ֙	cc	and
8	יַּֽעַמְדוּ֙	עָמַד	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יִּתְקַ֤ע	conj	they stood
9	כָּל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	8 יַּֽעַמְדוּ֙	nsubj	all
10	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	11 עָ֔ם	det	the
11	עָ֔ם	עַם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	9 כָּל־	compound:smixut	people
12	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	14 יִרְדְּפ֥וּ	cc	and
13	לֹֽא־	לֹא	ADV	_	14 יִרְדְּפ֥וּ	advmod	not
14	יִרְדְּפ֥וּ	רָדַף	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יִּתְקַ֤ע	conj	they pursued
15	ע֖וֹד	עוֹד	ADV	_	14 יִרְדְּפ֥וּ	advmod	again
16	אַחֲרֵ֣י	אַחַר	ADP	_	17 יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל	case	after
17	יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל	יִשְׂרָאֵל	PROPN	_	14 יִרְדְּפ֥וּ	obl	Israel
18	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	20 יָסְפ֥וּ	cc	and
19	לֹֽא־	לֹא	ADV	_	20 יָסְפ֥וּ	advmod	not
20	יָסְפ֥וּ	יָסַף	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יִּתְקַ֤ע	conj	they repeated
21	ע֖וֹד	עוֹד	ADV	_	20 יָסְפ֥וּ	advmod	again
22	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	23 הִלָּחֵֽם	case	to
23	הִלָּחֵֽם	לָחַם	VERB	HebBinyan=NIPHAL	20 יָסְפ֥וּ	xcomp	wage war
24	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	23 הִלָּחֵֽם	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: yes

verb	form · stem	who (A0)
יִּתְקַע he gave a blast	wayyiqtol · qal	יוֹאָב Joab
יַּֽעַמְדוּ they stood	wayyiqtol · qal	עָם people
not יִרְדְּפוּ they pursued	yiqtol · qal	עָם people + יוֹאָב Joab
not יָסְפוּ they repeated	qatal · qal	עָם people + יוֹאָב Joab
הִלָּחֵֽם wage war	infinitive construct · niphal	עָם people + יוֹאָב Joab

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וּתְקַע יוֹאָב בְּשׁוֹפָרָא וְקָמוּ כָּל עַמָא וְלָא רְדָפוּ עוֹד בָּתַר יִשְׂרָאֵל וְלָא אוֹסִיפוּ עוֹד לְאַגָחָא קְרָבָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

So Joab blew the horn, and all the people stood still, and pursued after Israel no more, neither fought they any more.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:2SA:54.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.2.28/