2 Samuel 20:15 שְׁמוּאֵל ב

Who acts: people, mound · What happens: come, besiege, cast up, stand, be, batter · To what, where: Amasa, Abel, mound, city, moat, wall

This is 2 Samuel 20:15 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — people, mound — and what happens in the verse to Amasa, Abel, mound, city, moat, wall, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיָּבֹ֜אוּ וַיָּצֻ֣רוּ עָלָ֗יו בְּאָבֵ֙לָה֙ בֵּ֣ית הַֽמַּעֲכָ֔האָבֵ֙לָה֙ בֵּ֣ית הַֽמַּעֲכָ֔ה אָבֵ֙לָה֙ בֵּ֣ית הַֽמַּעֲכָ֔ה אָבֵ֙לָה֙ בֵּ֣ית הַֽמַּעֲכָ֔ה וַיִּשְׁפְּכ֤וּ סֹֽלְלָה֙ אֶל־הָעִ֔יר וַֽתַּעֲמֹ֖ד בַּחֵ֑ל וְכָל־הָעָם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֶת־יוֹאָ֔ב מַשְׁחִיתִ֖ם לְהַפִּ֥יל הַחוֹמָֽה׃

And they came and besieged him in Abel of Beth-maacah, and they cast up a mound against the city, and it stood in the moat; and all the people that were with Joab battered the wall, to throw it down.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יָּבֹ֜אוּ	cc	and
2	יָּבֹ֜אוּ	בּוֹא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	root	root	they came
3	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	4 יָּצֻ֣רוּ	cc	and
4	יָּצֻ֣רוּ	צוּר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יָּבֹ֜אוּ	conj	they laid siege
5	עָלָ֗י	עַל	ADP	_	6 ו	case	on
6	ו	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 יָּצֻ֣רוּ	obl	him
7	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	8 אָבֵ֙לָה֙	case	in
8	אָבֵ֙לָה֙	אָבֵל	PROPN	_	4 יָּצֻ֣רוּ	obl	Abel
9	בֵּ֣ית	_	PROPN	_	8 אָבֵ֙לָה֙	flat:name
10	הַֽמַּעֲכָ֔ה	_	PROPN	_	8 אָבֵ֙לָה֙	flat:name
11	אָבֵ֙לָה֙	ה	NOUN	_	8 אָבֵ֙לָה֙	nmod	Beth
12	בֵּ֣ית	_	NOUN	_	11 אָבֵ֙לָה֙	flat
13	הַֽמַּעֲכָ֔ה	_	NOUN	_	11 אָבֵ֙לָה֙	flat
14	אָבֵ֙לָה֙	בַּיִת	PROPN	_	8 אָבֵ֙לָה֙	nmod	Maacah
15	בֵּ֣ית	_	PROPN	_	14 אָבֵ֙לָה֙	flat:name
16	הַֽמַּעֲכָ֔ה	_	PROPN	_	14 אָבֵ֙לָה֙	flat:name
17	אָבֵ֙לָה֙	הַ	PROPN	_	8 אָבֵ֙לָה֙	nmod
18	בֵּ֣ית	_	PROPN	_	17 אָבֵ֙לָה֙	flat:name
19	הַֽמַּעֲכָ֔ה	_	PROPN	_	17 אָבֵ֙לָה֙	flat:name
20	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	21 יִּשְׁפְּכ֤וּ	cc	and
21	יִּשְׁפְּכ֤וּ	שָׁפַךְ	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יָּבֹ֜אוּ	conj	they poured out
22	סֹֽלְלָה֙	סֹלְלָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	21 יִּשְׁפְּכ֤וּ	obj	a mound
23	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	25 עִ֔יר	case	against
24	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	25 עִ֔יר	det	the
25	עִ֔יר	עִיר	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	21 יִּשְׁפְּכ֤וּ	obl	city
26	וַֽ	וְ	CCONJ	_	27 תַּעֲמֹ֖ד	cc	and
27	תַּעֲמֹ֖ד	עָמַד	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יָּבֹ֜אוּ	conj	it stood
28	בַּ	בְּ	ADP	_	30 חֵ֑ל	case	by
29	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	30 חֵ֑ל	det	the
30	חֵ֑ל	חֵיל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	27 תַּעֲמֹ֖ד	obl	rampart
31	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	38 מַשְׁחִיתִ֖ם	cc	and
32	כָל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	38 מַשְׁחִיתִ֖ם	nsubj	all
33	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	34 עָם֙	det	the
34	עָם֙	עַם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	32 כָל־	compound:smixut	people
35	אֲשֶׁ֣ר	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	37 יוֹאָ֔ב	mark	which
36	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	37 יוֹאָ֔ב	case	[was] with
37	יוֹאָ֔ב	יוֹאָב	PROPN	_	32 כָל־	acl:relcl	Joab
38	מַשְׁחִיתִ֖ם	שָׁחַת	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Plur	2 יָּבֹ֜אוּ	conj	[were] about to destroy
39	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	40 הַפִּ֥יל	case	to
40	הַפִּ֥יל	נָפַל	VERB	HebBinyan=HIPHIL	38 מַשְׁחִיתִ֖ם	advcl	make fall
41	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	42 חוֹמָֽה	det	the
42	חוֹמָֽה	חוֹמָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	40 הַפִּ֥יל	obj	wall
43	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	42 חוֹמָֽה	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	who makes it happen (AA)
יָּבֹאוּ they came	wayyiqtol · qal
יָּצֻרוּ they laid siege	wayyiqtol · qal
יִּשְׁפְּכוּ they poured out	wayyiqtol · qal		אָבֵלָה
תַּעֲמֹד it stood	wayyiqtol · qal	אָבֵלָה
מַשְׁחִיתִם [were] about to destroy	participle active · hiphil	חֵל rampart
הַפִּיל make fall	infinitive construct · hiphil			חֵל rampart

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וַאֲתוֹ וְצָרוּ עֲלוֹהִי בְּאָבֵל בֵית מַעֲכָה וּצְבָרוּ מַלְיָתָא עַל קַרְתָּא וְאַקְפָהּ מַשִׁרְיָן וְכָל עַמָא דְעִם יוֹאָב מִתְעַשְׁתִּין לְחַבָּלָא שׁוּרָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And they came and besieged him in Abel of Beth-maacah, and they cast up a mound against the city, and it stood in the moat; and all the people that were with Joab battered the wall, to throw it down.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:2SA:546.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.20.15/