2 Samuel 21:1 שְׁמוּאֵל ב

Who acts: famine, David, LORD · What happens: be, seek, say, put · To what, where: face, Gibeonites · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is 2 Samuel 21:1 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — famine, David, LORD — and what happens in the verse to face, Gibeonites, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיְהִ֣י רָעָב֩ בִּימֵ֨י דָוִ֜ד שָׁלֹ֣שׁ שָׁנִ֗ים שָׁנָה֙ אַחֲרֵ֣י שָׁנָ֔ה וַיְבַקֵּ֥שׁ דָּוִ֖ד אֶת־פְּנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑הס וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָ֗ה אֶל־שָׁאוּל֙ וְאֶל־בֵּ֣ית הַדָּמִ֔ים עַל־אֲשֶׁר־הֵמִ֖ית אֶת־הַגִּבְעֹנִֽים׃

And there was a famine in the days of David three years, year after year; and David sought the face of the LORD. And the LORD said: 'It is for Saul, and for his bloody house, because he put to death the Gibeonites.'

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יְהִ֣י	cc	and
2	יְהִ֣י	הָיָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	it was
3	רָעָב֩	רָעָב	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 יְהִ֣י	nsubj	a famine
4	בִּ	בְּ	ADP	_	5 ימֵ֨י	case	in
5	ימֵ֨י	יוֹם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	2 יְהִ֣י	obl	the days
6	דָוִ֜ד	דָּוִד	PROPN	_	5 ימֵ֨י	compound:smixut	of David
7	שָׁלֹ֣שׁ	שָׁלֹשׁ	NUM	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	8 שָׁנִ֗ים	nummod	three
8	שָׁנִ֗ים	שָׁנָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Plur	2 יְהִ֣י	obl	years
9	שָׁנָה֙	שָׁנָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	2 יְהִ֣י	obl	year
10	אַחֲרֵ֣י	אַחַר	ADP	_	11 שָׁנָ֔ה	case	after
11	שָׁנָ֔ה	שָׁנָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	9 שָׁנָה֙	nmod	year
12	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	13 יְבַקֵּ֥שׁ	cc	and
13	יְבַקֵּ֥שׁ	בָּקַשׁ	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יְהִ֣י	conj	he sought
14	דָּוִ֖ד	דָּוִד	PROPN	_	13 יְבַקֵּ֥שׁ	nsubj	David
15	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	16 פְּנֵ֣י	case	(et)
16	פְּנֵ֣י	פָּנֶה	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 יְבַקֵּ֥שׁ	obj	the face
17	יְהוָ֑ה	יהוה	PROPN	_	16 פְּנֵ֣י	compound:smixut	of Yahweh
18	ס	ס	PUNCT	_	17 יְהוָ֑ה	punct
19	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	20 יֹּ֣אמֶר	cc	and
20	יֹּ֣אמֶר	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יְהִ֣י	conj	he said
21	יְהוָ֗ה	יהוה	PROPN	_	20 יֹּ֣אמֶר	nsubj	Yahweh
22	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	23 שָׁאוּל֙	case	because of
23	שָׁאוּל֙	שָׁאוּל	PROPN	_	20 יֹּ֣אמֶר	ccomp	Saul
24	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	26 בֵּ֣ית	cc	and
25	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	26 בֵּ֣ית	case	because of
26	בֵּ֣ית	בַּיִת	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	23 שָׁאוּל֙	conj	the house
27	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	28 דָּמִ֔ים	det	of (the)
28	דָּמִ֔ים	דָּם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	26 בֵּ֣ית	compound:smixut	blood(s)
29	עַל־	עַל	ADP	_	23 שָׁאוּל֙	parataxis	on
30	אֲשֶׁר־	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	31 הֵמִ֖ית	mark	that
31	הֵמִ֖ית	מוּת	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3	29 עַל־	parataxis	he put to death
32	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	34 גִּבְעֹנִֽים	case	(et)
33	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	34 גִּבְעֹנִֽים	det	the
34	גִּבְעֹנִֽים	גִּבְעֹונִי	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	31 הֵמִ֖ית	obj	Gibeonites
35	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	34 גִּבְעֹנִֽים	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: no
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	who makes it happen (AA)
יְהִי it was	wayyiqtol · qal	רָעָב a famine
יְבַקֵּשׁ he sought	wayyiqtol · piel	דָּוִד David	פְּנֵי the face
יֹּאמֶר he said	wayyiqtol · qal	אֶל־ because of
הֵמִית he put to death	qatal · hiphil			וְ and

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וַהֲוָה כַפְנָא בְיוֹמֵי דָוִד תְּלַת שְׁנִין שַׁתָּא בָּתַר שַׁתָּא וּבְעָא דָוִד רַחֲמִין קֳדָם יְיָ וַאֲמַר יְיָ עַל שָׁאוּל וְעַל בֵּית חַיָבֵי קְטוֹל עַל דִקְטַל יַת גִבְעוֹנָאֵי:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:2SA:558.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.21.1/