2 Samuel 22:8 שְׁמוּאֵל ב

Who acts: earth, foundations · What happens: shake, quake, tremble, be · To what, where: foundations

This is 2 Samuel 22:8 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — earth, foundations — and what happens in the verse to foundations, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיִּתְגָּעַ֤שׁוַתִּרְעַשׁ֙ הָאָ֔רֶץ מוֹסְד֥וֹת הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם יִרְגָּ֑זוּ וַיִּֽתְגָּעֲשׁ֖וּ כִּֽי־חָ֥רָה לֽוֹ׃

Then the earth did shake and quake, the foundations of heaven did tremble; they were shaken, because He was wroth.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יִּתְגָּעַ֤שׁ	cc	and
2	יִּתְגָּעַ֤שׁ	גָּעַשׁ	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HITHPAEL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	it shook back and forth
3	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	4 תִּרְעַשׁ֙	cc	and
4	תִּרְעַשׁ֙	רָעַשׁ	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יִּתְגָּעַ֤שׁ	conj	it quaked
5	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	6 אָ֔רֶץ	det	the
6	אָ֔רֶץ	אֶרֶץ	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 יִּתְגָּעַ֤שׁ	nsubj	earth
7	מוֹסְד֥וֹת	מוֹסָדָה	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 יִרְגָּ֑זוּ	nsubj	the foundations
8	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	9 שָּׁמַ֖יִם	det	of
9	שָּׁמַ֖יִם	שָׁמַיִם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	7 מוֹסְד֥וֹת	compound:smixut	the heavens
10	יִרְגָּ֑זוּ	רָגַז	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יִּתְגָּעַ֤שׁ	parataxis	they trembled
11	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	12 יִּֽתְגָּעֲשׁ֖וּ	cc	and
12	יִּֽתְגָּעֲשׁ֖וּ	גָּעַשׁ	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HITHPAEL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יִּתְגָּעַ֤שׁ	conj	they shook back and forth
13	כִּֽי־	כִּי	SCONJ	_	14 חָ֥רָה	mark	(dm)
14	חָ֥רָה	חָרָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יִּתְגָּעַ֤שׁ	advcl	it burned
15	ל	לְ	ADP	_	16 ֽוֹ	case	to
16	ֽוֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 חָ֥רָה	obl	him
17	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	16 ֽוֹ	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)
יִּתְגָּעַשׁ it shook back and forth	wayyiqtol · hithpael	אָרֶץ earth
תִּרְעַשׁ it quaked	wayyiqtol · qal	אָרֶץ earth
יִרְגָּזוּ they trembled	yiqtol · qal	מוֹסְדוֹת the foundations
יִּֽתְגָּעֲשׁוּ they shook back and forth	wayyiqtol · hithpael	מוֹסְדוֹת the foundations
חָרָה it burned	qatal · qal

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וְאִתְרְגִיפַת וְאִתְרְגִישַׁת אַרְעָא שַׁכְלוּלֵי שְׁמַיָא זָעוּ וְאִתְרְכִינוּ אֲרֵי תְקֵף רוּגְזֵיהּ:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Then the earth did shake and quake, the foundations of heaven did tremble; they were shaken, because He was wroth.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:2SA:587.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.22.8/