2 Samuel 23:1 שְׁמוּאֵל ב

Who acts: these · What happens: be, raise, say · To what, where: last words, man, David · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is 2 Samuel 23:1 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — these — and what happens in the verse to last words, man, David, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וְאֵ֛לֶּה דִּבְרֵ֥י דָוִ֖ד הָאַֽחֲרֹנִ֑ים נְאֻ֧ם דָּוִ֣ד בֶּן־יִשַׁ֗י וּנְאֻ֤ם הַגֶּ֙בֶר֙ הֻ֣קַם עָ֔ל מְשִׁ֙יחַ֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יַֽעֲקֹ֔ב וּנְעִ֖ים זְמִר֥וֹת יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃

Now these are the last words of David: The saying of David the son of Jesse, and the saying of the man raised on high, the anointed of the God of Jacob, and the sweet singer of Israel:

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 אֵ֛לֶּה	cc	and
2	אֵ֛לֶּה	אֵלֶּה	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Plur PronType=Dem	root	root	these
3	דִּבְרֵ֥י	דָּבָר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	2 אֵ֛לֶּה	nsubj	[are] the words
4	דָוִ֖ד	דָּוִד	PROPN	_	3 דִּבְרֵ֥י	compound:smixut	of David
5	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	6 אַֽחֲרֹנִ֑ים	det	(the)
6	אַֽחֲרֹנִ֑ים	אַחֲרוֹן	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	3 דִּבְרֵ֥י	amod	last
7	נְאֻ֧ם	נְאֻם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	3 דִּבְרֵ֥י	appos	the utterance
8	דָּוִ֣ד	דָּוִד	PROPN	_	7 נְאֻ֧ם	compound:smixut	of David
9	בֶּן־	בֵּן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	8 דָּוִ֣ד	appos	the son
10	יִשַׁ֗י	יִשַׁי	PROPN	_	9 בֶּן־	compound:smixut	of Jesse
11	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	12 נְאֻ֤ם	cc	and
12	נְאֻ֤ם	נְאֻם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	7 נְאֻ֧ם	conj	the utterance
13	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	14 גֶּ֙בֶר֙	det	of
14	גֶּ֙בֶר֙	גֶּבֶר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	12 נְאֻ֤ם	compound:smixut	the man
15	הֻ֣קַם	קוּם	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HOPHAL Number=Sing Person=3	14 גֶּ֙בֶר֙	acl	[who] he was raised up
16	עָ֔ל	עַל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	15 הֻ֣קַם	obl	height
17	מְשִׁ֙יחַ֙	מָשִׁיחַ	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	14 גֶּ֙בֶר֙	appos	the [one] anointed
18	אֱלֹהֵ֣י	אֱלֹהִים	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	17 מְשִׁ֙יחַ֙	compound:smixut	of the God
19	יַֽעֲקֹ֔ב	יַעֲקֹב	PROPN	_	18 אֱלֹהֵ֣י	compound:smixut	of Jacob
20	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	21 נְעִ֖ים	cc	and
21	נְעִ֖ים	נָעִים	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	17 מְשִׁ֙יחַ֙	conj	the pleasant [one]
22	זְמִר֥וֹת	זָמִיר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	21 נְעִ֖ים	compound:smixut	of the songs
23	יִשְׂרָאֵֽל	יִשְׂרָאֵל	PROPN	_	22 זְמִר֥וֹת	compound:smixut	of Israel
24	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	23 יִשְׂרָאֵֽל	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	to whom, further (A2)	who makes it happen (AA)
הֻקַם [who] he was raised up	qatal · hophal		גֶּבֶר the man

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וְאִילֵין פִּתְגָמֵי נְבוּאַת דָוִד דְאִתְנַבִּי לְסוֹף עַלְמָא לְיוֹסֵי נֶחֱמְתָא דַעֲתִידִין לְמֵיתֵי אֲמַר דָוִד בַּר יִשַׁי וַאֲמַר גַבְרָא דִמְרַבָּא לְמַלְכּוּ מְשִׁיחָא בְּמֵימָר אֱלָהֵיהּ דְיַעֲקֹב וְתַקִין לְמִימְנֵי בְּחֵיךְ מְבוֹסַם תּוּשְׁבַּחְתֵּיהּ דְיִשְׂרָאֵל:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Now these are the last words of David: The saying of David the son of Jesse, and the saying of the man raised on high, the anointed of the God of Jacob, and the sweet singer of Israel:

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:2SA:631.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.23.1/