2 Samuel 23:13 שְׁמוּאֵל ב

Who acts: three · What happens: go down, come, encamp · To what, where: David, troop, valley

This is 2 Samuel 23:13 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — three — and what happens in the verse to David, troop, valley, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיֵּרְד֨וּ שְׁלֹשָׁ֜ה מֵהַשְּׁלֹשִׁ֣ים רֹ֗אשׁ וַיָּבֹ֤אוּ אֶל־קָצִיר֙ אֶל־דָּוִ֔ד אֶל־מְעָרַ֖ת עֲדֻלָּ֑ם וְחַיַּ֣ת פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים חֹנָ֖ה בְּעֵ֥מֶק רְפָאִֽים׃

And three of the thirty chief went down, and came to David in the harvest time unto the cave of Adullam; and the troop of the Philistines were encamped in the valley of Rephaim.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יֵּרְד֨וּ	cc	and
2	יֵּרְד֨וּ	יָרַד	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	root	root	they went down
3	שְׁלֹשָׁ֜ה	שָׁלֹשׁ	NUM	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	7 רֹ֗אשׁ	nummod	three
4	מֵ	מִן	ADP	_	6 שְּׁלֹשִׁ֣ים	case	of
5	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	6 שְּׁלֹשִׁ֣ים	det	the
6	שְּׁלֹשִׁ֣ים	שָׁלֹשׁ	NUM	Number=Plur	3 שְׁלֹשָׁ֜ה	nmod	thirty
7	רֹ֗אשׁ	רֹאשׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 יֵּרְד֨וּ	nsubj	chief[s]
8	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	9 יָּבֹ֤אוּ	cc	and
9	יָּבֹ֤אוּ	בּוֹא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יֵּרְד֨וּ	conj	they came
10	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	11 קָצִיר֙	case	to
11	קָצִיר֙	קָצִיר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	9 יָּבֹ֤אוּ	obl	[the] harvest
12	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	13 דָּוִ֔ד	case	to
13	דָּוִ֔ד	דָּוִד	PROPN	_	9 יָּבֹ֤אוּ	obl	David
14	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	15 מְעָרַ֖ת	case	to
15	מְעָרַ֖ת	מְעָרָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	9 יָּבֹ֤אוּ	obl	the cave
16	עֲדֻלָּ֑ם	עֲדֻלָּם	PROPN	_	15 מְעָרַ֖ת	compound:smixut	of Adullam
17	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	20 חֹנָ֖ה	cc	and
18	חַיַּ֣ת	חַוָּה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	20 חֹנָ֖ה	nsubj	a community
19	פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים	פְּלִשְׁתִּי	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	18 חַיַּ֣ת	compound:smixut	of Philistines
20	חֹנָ֖ה	חָנָה	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	2 יֵּרְד֨וּ	conj	[was] encamping
21	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	22 עֵ֥מֶק	case	in
22	עֵ֥מֶק	עֵמֶק	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	20 חֹנָ֖ה	obl	the valley
23	רְפָאִֽים	רְפָאִים	PROPN	_	22 עֵ֥מֶק	compound:smixut	of Rephaim
24	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	23 רְפָאִֽים	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)
יֵּרְדוּ they went down	wayyiqtol · qal	רֹאשׁ chief[s]
יָּבֹאוּ they came	wayyiqtol · qal	רֹאשׁ chief[s]
חֹנָה [was] encamping	participle active · qal	חַיַּת a community

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וּנְחָתוּ תְלָתָא גִבָּרַיָא מִגִבָּרֵי רֵישֵׁי מַשִׁרְיָתָא וַאֲתוֹ לַחֲצָדָא לְוַת דָוִד לִמְעָרַת עֲדֻלָם וּמַשִׁרְיַת פְּלִשְׁתָּאֵי שַׁרְיָא בְּמֵישַׁר גִבָּרַיָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And three of the thirty chief went down, and came to David in the harvest time unto the cave of Adullam; and the troop of the Philistines were encamped in the valley of Rephaim.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:2SA:643.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.23.13/