2 Samuel 24:20 שְׁמוּאֵל ב

Who acts: Araunah, king · What happens: look, see, come on, go out, bow down · To what, where: king

This is 2 Samuel 24:20 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Araunah, king — and what happens in the verse to king, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיַּשְׁקֵ֣ף אֲרַ֗וְנָה וַיַּ֤רְא אֶת־הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ וְאֶת־עֲבָדָ֔יו עֹבְרִ֖ים עָלָ֑יו וַיֵּצֵ֣א אֲרַ֔וְנָה וַיִּשְׁתַּ֧חוּ לַמֶּ֛לֶךְ אַפָּ֖יו אָֽרְצָה׃

And Araunah looked forth, and saw the king and his servants coming on toward him; and Araunah went out, and bowed down before the king with his face to the ground.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יַּשְׁקֵ֣ף	cc	and
2	יַּשְׁקֵ֣ף	שָׁקַף	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he looked down
3	אֲרַ֗וְנָה	אֲרַוְנָה	PROPN	_	2 יַּשְׁקֵ֣ף	nsubj	Araunah
4	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	5 יַּ֤רְא	cc	and
5	יַּ֤רְא	רָאָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יַּשְׁקֵ֣ף	conj	he saw
6	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	8 מֶּ֙לֶךְ֙	case	(et)
7	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	8 מֶּ֙לֶךְ֙	det	the
8	מֶּ֙לֶךְ֙	מֶלֶךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	13 עֹבְרִ֖ים	nsubj	king
9	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	11 עֲבָדָ֔י	cc	and
10	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	11 עֲבָדָ֔י	case	(et)
11	עֲבָדָ֔י	עֶבֶד	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	8 מֶּ֙לֶךְ֙	conj	servants
12	ו	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 עֲבָדָ֔י	nmod:poss	his
13	עֹבְרִ֖ים	עָבַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur	5 יַּ֤רְא	ccomp	passing over
14	עָלָ֑י	עַל	ADP	_	15 ו	case	to
15	ו	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 עֹבְרִ֖ים	obl	him
16	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	17 יֵּצֵ֣א	cc	and
17	יֵּצֵ֣א	יָצָא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יַּשְׁקֵ֣ף	conj	he went out
18	אֲרַ֔וְנָה	אֲרַוְנָה	PROPN	_	17 יֵּצֵ֣א	nsubj	Araunah
19	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	20 יִּשְׁתַּ֧חוּ	cc	and
20	יִּשְׁתַּ֧חוּ	חוה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HITHPAEL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יַּשְׁקֵ֣ף	conj	he bowed down
21	לַ	לְ	ADP	_	23 מֶּ֛לֶךְ	case	to
22	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	23 מֶּ֛לֶךְ	det	the
23	מֶּ֛לֶךְ	מֶלֶךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	20 יִּשְׁתַּ֧חוּ	obl	king
24	אַפָּ֖י	אַף	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Dual	20 יִּשְׁתַּ֧חוּ	obj	face
25	ו	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	24 אַפָּ֖י	nmod:poss	his
26	אָֽרְצ	אֶרֶץ	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 יִּשְׁתַּ֧חוּ	obl	ground
27	ָה	ה	X	_	26 אָֽרְצ	nmod	to [the]
28	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	27 ָה	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יַּשְׁקֵף he looked down	wayyiqtol · hiphil	אֲרַוְנָה Araunah
יַּרְא he saw	wayyiqtol · qal	אֲרַוְנָה Araunah	עֹבְרִים passing over
עֹבְרִים passing over	participle active · qal	מֶּלֶךְ king + עֲבָדָי servants
יֵּצֵא he went out	wayyiqtol · qal	אֲרַוְנָה Araunah
יִּשְׁתַּחוּ he bowed down	wayyiqtol · hithpael	אֲרַוְנָה Araunah	אַפָּי face

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וְאִסְתְּכִי אֲרַוָן וַחֲזָא יַת מַלְכָּא וְיַת עַבְדוֹהִי עָבְרִין עֲלוֹהִי וּנְפַק אֲרְוָן וּסְגִיד לְמַלְכָּא אַפּוֹהִי עַל אַרְעָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And Araunah looked forth, and saw the king and his servants coming on toward him; and Araunah went out, and bowed down before the king with his face to the ground.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:2SA:689.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.24.20/