2 Samuel 3:30 שְׁמוּאֵל ב

Who acts: Joab · What happens: slay, kill · To what, where: Abner, brother, Gibeon

This is 2 Samuel 3:30 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Joab — and what happens in the verse to Abner, brother, Gibeon, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וְיוֹאָב֙ וַאֲבִישַׁ֣י אָחִ֔יו הָרְג֖וּ לְאַבְנֵ֑ר עַל֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר הֵמִ֜ית אֶת־עֲשָׂהאֵ֧ל אֲחִיהֶ֛ם בְּגִבְע֖וֹן בַּמִּלְחָמָֽה׃פ

So Joab and Abishai his brother slew Abner, because he had killed their brother Asahel at Gibeon in the battle.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	7 הָרְג֖וּ	cc	and
2	יוֹאָב֙	יוֹאָב	PROPN	_	7 הָרְג֖וּ	nsubj	Joab
3	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	4 אֲבִישַׁ֣י	cc	and
4	אֲבִישַׁ֣י	אֲבִישַׁי	PROPN	_	2 יוֹאָב֙	conj	Abishai
5	אָחִ֔י	אָח	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	4 אֲבִישַׁ֣י	appos	brother
6	ו	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 אָחִ֔י	nmod:poss	his
7	הָרְג֖וּ	הָרַג	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	root	root	they killed
8	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	9 אַבְנֵ֑ר	case	(to)
9	אַבְנֵ֑ר	אַבְנֵר	PROPN	_	7 הָרְג֖וּ	obl	Abner
10	עַל֩	עַל	ADP	_	7 הָרְג֖וּ	parataxis	on
11	אֲשֶׁ֨ר	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	12 הֵמִ֜ית	mark	that
12	הֵמִ֜ית	מוּת	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3	10 עַל֩	parataxis	he had killed
13	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	14 עֲשָׂהאֵ֧ל	case	(et)
14	עֲשָׂהאֵ֧ל	עֲשָׂהאֵל	PROPN	_	12 הֵמִ֜ית	obj	Asahel
15	אֲחִי	אָח	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	14 עֲשָׂהאֵ֧ל	appos	brother
16	הֶ֛ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 אֲחִי	nmod:poss	their
17	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	18 גִבְע֖וֹן	case	at
18	גִבְע֖וֹן	גִּבְעוֹן	PROPN	_	12 הֵמִ֜ית	obl	Gibeon
19	בַּ	בְּ	ADP	_	21 מִּלְחָמָֽה	case	in
20	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	21 מִּלְחָמָֽה	det	the
21	מִּלְחָמָֽה	מִלְחָמָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	12 הֵמִ֜ית	obl	battle
22	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	21 מִּלְחָמָֽה	punct
23	פ	פ	PUNCT	_	21 מִּלְחָמָֽה	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	to whom, further (A2)	who makes it happen (AA)
הָרְגוּ they killed	qatal · qal	יוֹאָב Joab + אֲבִישַׁי Abishai
הֵמִית he had killed	qatal · hiphil	עֲשָׂהאֵל Asahel			אַבְנֵר Abner

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וְיוֹאָב וַאֲבִישַׁי אֲחוּהִי קְטָלוּ לְאַבְנֵר עַל דְקָטַל יַת עֲשָׂהאֵל אֲחוּהוֹן בְּגִבְעוֹן בִּקְרָבָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

So Joab and Abishai his brother slew Abner, because he had killed their brother Asahel at Gibeon in the battle.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:2SA:88.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.3.30/