Amos 3:4 עָמוֹס

Who acts: lion, young lion · What happens: roar, have, give forth, take · To what, where: forest, prey, voice, den, nothing

This is Amos 3:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — lion, young lion — and what happens in the verse to forest, prey, voice, den, nothing, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 9 chapters of Amos on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

הֲיִשְׁאַ֤ג אַרְיֵה֙ בַּיַּ֔עַר וְטֶ֖רֶף אֵ֣ין ל֑וֹ הֲיִתֵּ֨ן כְּפִ֤יר קוֹלוֹ֙ מִמְּעֹ֣נָת֔וֹ בִּלְתִּ֖י אִם־לָכָֽד׃

Will a lion roar in the forest, when he hath no prey? Will a young lion give forth his voice out of his den, if he have taken nothing?

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	הֲ	הֲ	PART	_	2 יִשְׁאַ֤ג	advmod	does
2	יִשְׁאַ֤ג	שָׁאַג	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	it roar?
3	אַרְיֵה֙	אַרְיֵה	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 יִשְׁאַ֤ג	nsubj	a lion
4	בַּ	בְּ	ADP	_	6 יַּ֔עַר	case	in
5	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	6 יַּ֔עַר	det	the
6	יַּ֔עַר	יַעַר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 יִשְׁאַ֤ג	obl	forest
7	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	9 אֵ֣ין	cc	and
8	טֶ֖רֶף	טֶרֶף	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	9 אֵ֣ין	nsubj	prey
9	אֵ֣ין	אַיִן	ADV	_	2 יִשְׁאַ֤ג	conj	there [is] not
10	ל	לְ	ADP	_	11 ֑וֹ	case	for
11	֑וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 אֵ֣ין	obl	it
12	הֲ	הֲ	PART	_	13 יִתֵּ֨ן	advmod	does
13	יִתֵּ֨ן	נָתַן	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יִשְׁאַ֤ג	parataxis	it give forth?
14	כְּפִ֤יר	כְּפִיר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	13 יִתֵּ֨ן	nsubj	a young lion
15	קוֹל	קוֹל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	13 יִתֵּ֨ן	obj	voice
16	וֹ֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 קוֹל	nmod:poss	its
17	מִ	מִן	ADP	_	18 מְּעֹ֣נָת	case	from
18	מְּעֹ֣נָת	מְעֹנָה	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 יִתֵּ֨ן	obl	den
19	֔וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 מְּעֹ֣נָת	nmod:poss	its
20	בִּלְתִּ֖י	בֵּלֶת	ADP	_	22 לָכָֽד	case	except
21	אִם־	אִם	SCONJ	_	22 לָכָֽד	mark	if
22	לָכָֽד	לָכַד	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	13 יִתֵּ֨ן	parataxis	it has caught [something]
23	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	22 לָכָֽד	punct

Pragmatics

form: yes/no question
act: ask
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: yes

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
not יִשְׁאַג it roar?	yiqtol · qal	אַרְיֵה a lion
יִתֵּן it give forth?	yiqtol · qal	כְּפִיר a young lion	קוֹל voice
לָכָֽד it has caught [something]	qatal · qal	כְּפִיר a young lion

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

הֲיִנְהוֹם אַרְיֵה בְּחוּרְשָׁה וְצֵידָה לֵית לֵיהּ הַיְרִים בַּר אַרְיְוָן קָלֵיהּ מִמַרְבּוּעָתֵיהּ אֱלָהֵין אִם אֲחָד:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:AMO:34.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO.3.4/