Amos 3:4 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2
Will a lion roar in the forest, when he hath no prey?
Who acts: lion · What happens: roar, have · To what, where: forest, prey
This is Amos 3:4 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (lion), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 4 roar | aux |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 lion | det |
| 3 | lion | lion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 roar | nsubj |
| 4 | roar | roar | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 forest | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 forest | det |
| 7 | forest | forest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 roar | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 hath | punct |
| 9 | when | when | SCONJ | _ | 11 hath | mark |
| 10 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 hath | nsubj |
| 11 | hath | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 roar | advcl |
| 12 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 13 prey | det |
| 13 | prey | prey | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 hath | obj |
| 14 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 4 roar | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- yes/no question
- act
- ask
- voice
- character
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed act=ask, voice=character
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | roar | future | a lion | the forest | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in forest=Location | ||||
| 2 | have | present | lion | no prey | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent prey=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
הֲיִשְׁאַ֤ג אַרְיֵה֙ בַּיַּ֔עַר וְטֶ֖רֶף אֵ֣ין ל֑וֹ הֲיִתֵּ֨ן כְּפִ֤יר קוֹלוֹ֙ מִמְּעֹ֣נָת֔וֹ בִּלְתִּ֖י אִם־לָכָֽד׃
Amos 3:4: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
This verse in JPS 1917:
- Will a lion roar in the forest, when he hath no prey?
- Will a young lion give forth his voice out of his den, if he have taken nothing?
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:AMO:35 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/AMO.35/