Habakkuk 1:3 חֲבַקּוּק

Who acts: Thou, contention · What happens: show, behold, spoil, arise · To what, where: iniquity, me, mischief

This is Habakkuk 1:3 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Thou, contention — and what happens in the verse to iniquity, me, mischief, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 3 chapters of Habakkuk on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

לָ֣מָּה תַרְאֵ֤נִי אָ֙וֶן֙ וְעָמָ֣ל תַּבִּ֔יט וְשֹׁ֥ד וְחָמָ֖ס לְנֶגְדִּ֑י וַיְהִ֧י רִ֦יב וּמָד֖וֹן יִשָּֽׂא׃

Why dost Thou show me iniquity, and beholdest mischief? And why are spoiling and violence before me? so that there is strife, and contention ariseth.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	לָ֣	לָמָה	ADP	_	2 מָּה	case
2	מָּה	מָה	PRON	PronType=Int	3 תַרְא	obl	why?
3	תַרְא	רָאָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=2	root	root	do
4	ֵ֤נִי	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	3 תַרְא	obj	you make me see
5	אָ֙וֶן֙	אָוֶן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	3 תַרְא	xcomp	wickedness
6	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	8 תַּבִּ֔יט	cc	and
7	עָמָ֣ל	עָמָל	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 תַּבִּ֔יט	obj	mischief
8	תַּבִּ֔יט	נָבַט	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=2	3 תַרְא	conj	do you look at?
9	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	14 נֶגְדּ	cc	and
10	שֹׁ֥ד	שֹׁד	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	14 נֶגְדּ	nsubj	devastation
11	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	12 חָמָ֖ס	cc	and
12	חָמָ֖ס	חָמָס	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	10 שֹׁ֥ד	conj	violence
13	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	14 נֶגְדּ	case	[are] to
14	נֶגְדּ	נֶגֶד	NOUN	_	3 תַרְא	conj	before
15	ִ֑י	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	14 נֶגְדּ	nmod:poss	me
16	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	17 יְהִ֧י	cc	and
17	יְהִ֧י	הָיָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	3 תַרְא	conj	it has been
18	רִ֦יב	רִיב	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 יְהִ֧י	nsubj	strife
19	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	21 יִשָּֽׂא	cc	and
20	מָד֖וֹן	מָדוֹן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	21 יִשָּֽׂא	nsubj	contention
21	יִשָּֽׂא	נָשָׂא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	3 תַרְא	conj	it arises
22	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	21 יִשָּֽׂא	punct

Pragmatics

form: wh-question
act: ask
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: no
indirect: yes

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
תַרְא do	yiqtol · hiphil	ֵנִי you make me see	אָוֶן wickedness
תַּבִּיט do you look at?	yiqtol · hiphil	עָמָל mischief
יְהִי it has been	wayyiqtol · qal	רִיב strife
יִשָּֽׂא it arises	yiqtol · qal	מָדוֹן contention

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

לְמָא אֲנָא חָזֵי אֲנוֹסִין וּמִסְתַּכֵּיל כְּעָבְדֵי לֵיאוּת שְׁקַר בְּזוֹזִין וַחֲטוֹפִין לְקִבְלִי דִבְתַחֲרוּתָא וּבִזְדוֹנָא אִינוּן מִתְגַבְּרִין:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:HAB:2.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HAB.1.3/