Habakkuk 1:3 · JPS 1917, sentence 2 of 2
And why are spoiling and violence before me? so that there is strife, and contention ariseth.
Who acts: contention · What happens: spoil, arise
This is Habakkuk 1:3 · JPS 1917, sentence 2 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (contention), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 4 spoiling | cc |
| 2 | why | why | ADV | PronType=Int | 4 spoiling | advmod |
| 3 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 spoiling | aux |
| 4 | spoiling | spoil | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 violence | cc |
| 6 | violence | violence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 spoiling | conj |
| 7 | before | before | ADP | _ | 8 me | case |
| 8 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 4 spoiling | obl |
| 9 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 4 spoiling | punct |
| 10 | so | so | SCONJ | ExtPos=SCONJ | 13 is | mark |
| 11 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 10 so | fixed |
| 12 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 13 is | expl |
| 13 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 spoiling | advcl |
| 14 | strife | strife | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 is | nsubj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 ariseth | punct |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 ariseth | cc |
| 17 | contention | contention | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 ariseth | nsubj |
| 18 | ariseth | arise | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 spoiling | advcl |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 spoiling | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- yes/no question
- act
- ask
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- neg
- teacher
- changed form=q, act=ask
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | spoil | present · progressive | before me | vn entity_specific_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 2 | arise | present | contention | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
לָ֣מָּה תַרְאֵ֤נִי אָ֙וֶן֙ וְעָמָ֣ל תַּבִּ֔יט וְשֹׁ֥ד וְחָמָ֖ס לְנֶגְדִּ֑י וַיְהִ֧י רִ֦יב וּמָד֖וֹן יִשָּֽׂא׃
Habakkuk 1:3: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
This verse in JPS 1917:
- Why dost Thou show me iniquity, and beholdest mischief?
- And why are spoiling and violence before me? so that there is strife, and contention ariseth.
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:HAB:4 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/HAB.4/