Hosea 4:1 הוֹשֵׁעַ
Who acts: you, LORD, truth · What happens: hear, have, be, word · To what, where: word, controversy, land, LORD
This is Hosea 4:1 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — you, LORD, truth — and what happens in the verse to word, controversy, land, LORD, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 14 chapters of Hosea on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.
שִׁמְע֥וּ דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כִּ֣י רִ֤יב לַֽיהוָה֙ עִם־יוֹשְׁבֵ֣י הָאָ֔רֶץ כִּ֠י אֵין־אֱמֶ֧ת וְֽאֵין־חֶ֛סֶד וְאֵֽין־דַּ֥עַת אֱלֹהִ֖ים בָּאָֽרֶץ׃
The tree
Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation | gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | שִׁמְע֥וּ | שָׁמַע | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=2 | root | root | hear |
| 2 | דְבַר־ | דָּבָר | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 1 שִׁמְע֥וּ | obj | the word |
| 3 | יְהוָ֖ה | יהוה | PROPN | _ | 2 דְבַר־ | compound:smixut | of Yahweh |
| 4 | בְּנֵ֣י | בֵּן | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Plur | 1 שִׁמְע֥וּ | parataxis | O people |
| 5 | יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל | יִשְׂרָאֵל | PROPN | _ | 4 בְּנֵ֣י | compound:smixut | of Israel |
| 6 | כִּ֣י | כִּי | SCONJ | _ | 9 יהוָה֙ | mark | (dm) |
| 7 | רִ֤יב | רִיב | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 יהוָה֙ | nsubj | a case at law |
| 8 | לַֽ | לְ | ADP | _ | 9 יהוָה֙ | case | [belongs] to |
| 9 | יהוָה֙ | יהוה | PROPN | _ | 1 שִׁמְע֥וּ | advcl | Yahweh |
| 10 | עִם־ | עִם | ADP | _ | 11 יוֹשְׁבֵ֣י | case | with |
| 11 | יוֹשְׁבֵ֣י | יָשַׁב | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur | 9 יהוָה֙ | advcl | the inhabitants |
| 12 | הָ | הַ | DET | PronType=Art | 13 אָ֔רֶץ | det | of |
| 13 | אָ֔רֶץ | אֶרֶץ | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 יוֹשְׁבֵ֣י | compound:smixut | the land |
| 14 | כִּ֠י | כִּי | SCONJ | _ | 15 אֵין־ | mark | (dm) |
| 15 | אֵין־ | אַיִן | ADV | _ | 1 שִׁמְע֥וּ | advcl | there [is] not |
| 16 | אֱמֶ֧ת | אֱמֶת | NOUN | Gender=Fem Number=Sing | 15 אֵין־ | nsubj | faithfulness |
| 17 | וְֽ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 18 אֵין־ | cc | and |
| 18 | אֵין־ | אַיִן | ADV | _ | 1 שִׁמְע֥וּ | conj | there [is] not |
| 19 | חֶ֛סֶד | חֶסֶד | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 18 אֵין־ | nsubj | covenant loyalty |
| 20 | וְ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 21 אֵֽין־ | cc | and |
| 21 | אֵֽין־ | אַיִן | ADV | _ | 1 שִׁמְע֥וּ | conj | there [is] not |
| 22 | דַּ֥עַת | דַּעַת | NOUN | Gender=Fem Number=Sing | 21 אֵֽין־ | nsubj | knowledge |
| 23 | אֱלֹהִ֖ים | אֱלֹהִים | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Plur | 22 דַּ֥עַת | compound:smixut | of God |
| 24 | בָּ | בְּ | ADP | _ | 26 אָֽרֶץ | case | in |
| 25 | ה | הַ | DET | PronType=Art | 26 אָֽרֶץ | det | the |
| 26 | אָֽרֶץ | אֶרֶץ | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 אֵֽין־ | obl | land |
| 27 | ׃ | ׃ | PUNCT | _ | 26 אָֽרֶץ | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- command
- act
- request
- voice
- character
- speech
- inside a quote begun earlier
- negation
- yes
| verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| not שִׁמְעוּ hear | imperative · qal | בְּנֵי O people | דְבַר־ the word |
MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.
Targum Jonathan
קַבִּילוּ פִּתְגָמָא דַייָ בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אֲרֵי דִינָא קֳדָם יְיָ עִם יָתְבֵי אַרְעָא אֲרֵי לֵית עָבְדֵי קוּשְׁטָא וְלֵית גָמְלֵי חִיסְדָא וְלֵית דִמְהַלְכִין בִדְחַלְתָּא דַייָ בְאַרְעָא:
The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.
English, JPS 1917
Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.
Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.
English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).
Hebrew sentence wlc:HOS:39.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS.4.1/