Hosea 4:12 הוֹשֵׁעַ

Who acts: people, staff, spirit · What happens: ask, declare, cause, err, go, stock · To what, where: counsel, stock, people

This is Hosea 4:12 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — people, staff, spirit — and what happens in the verse to counsel, stock, people, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 14 chapters of Hosea on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

עַמִּי֙ בְּעֵצ֣וֹ יִשְׁאָ֔ל וּמַקְל֖וֹ יַגִּ֣יד ל֑וֹ כִּ֣י ר֤וּחַ זְנוּנִים֙ הִתְעָ֔ה וַיִּזְנ֖וּ מִתַּ֥חַת אֱלֹהֵיהֶֽם׃

My people ask counsel at their stock, and their staff declareth unto them; for the spirit of harlotry hath caused them to err, and they have gone astray from under their God.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	עַמּ	עַם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	6 יִשְׁאָ֔ל	nsubj	people
2	ִי֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	1 עַמּ	nmod:poss	my
3	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	4 עֵצ	case	by
4	עֵצ	עֵץ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	6 יִשְׁאָ֔ל	obl	wood
5	֣וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 עֵצ	nmod:poss	his
6	יִשְׁאָ֔ל	שָׁאַל	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he enquires
7	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	10 יַגִּ֣יד	cc	and
8	מַקְל	מַקֵּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	10 יַגִּ֣יד	nsubj	stick
9	֖וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 מַקְל	nmod:poss	his
10	יַגִּ֣יד	נָגַד	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3	6 יִשְׁאָ֔ל	conj	it tells
11	ל	לְ	ADP	_	12 ֑וֹ	case	to
12	֑וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 יַגִּ֣יד	obl	him
13	כִּ֣י	כִּי	SCONJ	_	16 הִתְעָ֔ה	mark	(dm)
14	ר֤וּחַ	רוּחַ	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 הִתְעָ֔ה	nsubj	a spirit
15	זְנוּנִים֙	זְנוּנִים	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	14 ר֤וּחַ	compound:smixut	of prostitution(s)
16	הִתְעָ֔ה	תָּעָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3	6 יִשְׁאָ֔ל	advcl	it has misled
17	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	18 יִּזְנ֖וּ	cc	and
18	יִּזְנ֖וּ	זָנָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	6 יִשְׁאָ֔ל	conj	they have prostituted themselves
19	מִ	מִן	ADP	_	20 תַּ֥חַת	case	from
20	תַּ֥חַת	תַּחַת	NOUN	_	18 יִּזְנ֖וּ	obl	under
21	אֱלֹהֵי	אֱלֹהִים	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	20 תַּ֥חַת	compound:smixut	God
22	הֶֽם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	21 אֱלֹהֵי	nmod:poss	their
23	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	22 הֶֽם	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	who makes it happen (AA)
יִשְׁאָל he enquires	yiqtol · qal	עַמּ people
יַגִּיד it tells	yiqtol · hiphil	מַקְל stick
הִתְעָה it has misled	qatal · hiphil	עַמּ people	רוּחַ a spirit
יִּזְנוּ they have prostituted themselves	wayyiqtol · qal	עַמּ people

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

עַמִי דִי בִצְלַם אָעֵיהּ שָׁאֵיל וּמְדַמֵי דְחוֹטְרֵיהּ מְחַוֵי לֵיהּ אֲרֵי רוּחַ דְטָעוּ אַטְעִיָתִינוּן וּטְעוֹ מִבָּתַר פּוּלְחָנָא דֶאֱלָהָהוֹן:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

My people ask counsel at their stock, and their staff declareth unto them; for the spirit of harlotry hath caused them to err, and they have gone astray from under their God.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:HOS:50.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS.4.12/