Hosea 4:13 הוֹשֵׁעַ

Who acts: people, shadow, daughters · What happens: sacrifice, offer, be, commit · To what, where: oaks, harlotry, adultery

This is Hosea 4:13 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — people, shadow, daughters — and what happens in the verse to oaks, harlotry, adultery, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 14 chapters of Hosea on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

עַל־רָאשֵׁ֨י הֶהָרִ֜ים יְזַבֵּ֗חוּ וְעַל־הַגְּבָעוֹת֙ יְקַטֵּ֔רוּ תַּ֣חַת אַלּ֧וֹן וְלִבְנֶ֛ה וְאֵלָ֖ה כִּ֣י ט֣וֹב צִלָּ֑הּ עַל־כֵּ֗ן תִּזְנֶ֙ינָה֙ בְּנ֣וֹתֵיכֶ֔ם וְכַלּוֹתֵיכֶ֖ם תְּנָאַֽפְנָה׃

They sacrifice upon the tops of the mountains, and offer upon the hills, under oaks and poplars and terebinths, because the shadow thereof is good; therefore your daughters commit harlotry, and your daughters-in-law commit adultery.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

Pragmatics

form

statement

act

assert

voice

character

speech

inside a quote begun earlier

negation

no

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

עַל רֵישֵׁי טוּרַיָא מְדַבְּחִין וְעַל רַמָתָא מַסְקִין בּוּסְמִין תְּחוֹת בְּלוֹט וּלְבַן וּבוּטְמָא אֲרֵי מַעֲפֵי טוּלֵיהּ עַל כֵּן מְזַנְיָן בְּנַתְכוֹן דַהֲוָאָה לְכוֹן מִבְּנַת עַמְמַיָא וְכַלָתְכוֹן דִנְסִבְתּוּן לְבָנֵיכוֹן מִן עַמְמַיָא נָיְפָן:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

1. They sacrifice upon the tops of the mountains, and offer upon the hills, under oaks and poplars and terebinths, because the shadow thereof is good; therefore your daughters commit harlotry, and your daughters-in-law commit adultery.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS.4.13/