Hosea 4:18 הוֹשֵׁעַ

Who acts: carouse, idols, rulers · What happens: be, take, love, carouse · To what, where: dishonour

This is Hosea 4:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — carouse, idols, rulers — and what happens in the verse to dishonour, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 14 chapters of Hosea on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

סָ֖ר סָבְאָ֑ם הַזְנֵ֣ה הִזְנ֔וּ אָהֲב֥וּ הֵב֛וּ קָל֖וֹן מָגִנֶּֽיהָ׃

When their carouse is over, they take to harlotry; her rulers deeply love dishonour.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	סָ֖ר	סוּר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	it has come to an end
2	סָבְא	סֹבֶא	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	1 סָ֖ר	nsubj	drink
3	ָ֑ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 סָבְא	nmod:poss	their
4	הַזְנֵ֣ה	זָנָה	VERB	HebBinyan=HIPHIL	5 הִזְנ֔וּ	obl:npmod	continually (prostitute themselves)
5	הִזְנ֔וּ	זָנָה	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Plur Person=3	1 סָ֖ר	parataxis	they have prostituted themselves
6	אָהֲב֥וּ	אָהֵב	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	1 סָ֖ר	parataxis	they have loved
7	הֵב֛וּ	יהב	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=2	6 אָהֲב֥וּ	dep	love
8	קָל֖וֹן	קָלוֹן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	6 אָהֲב֥וּ	obj	shame
9	מָגִנֶּֽי	מָגֵן	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 אָהֲב֥וּ	nsubj	shields
10	הָ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 מָגִנֶּֽי	nmod:poss	its
11	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	10 הָ	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
סָר it has come to an end	qatal · qal	סָבְא drink
הִזְנוּ they have prostituted themselves	qatal · hiphil
הֵבוּ love	imperative · qal	מָגִנֶּֽי shields	קָלוֹן shame

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

שִׁלְטוֹנֵיהוֹן אַסְגִיאוּ שִׁירְוָן מִן אוֹנֶס בְּכֵן טָעוּ וְאִתְפְּנִיאוּ בָּתַר זְנוּתָא רְחִימוּ דְתֵיתֵי לְהוֹן קְלָנָא רַבְרְבֵיהוֹן:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

When their carouse is over, they take to harlotry; her rulers deeply love dishonour.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:HOS:56.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS.4.18/