Isaiah 1:18 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ

Who acts: you, us, LORD, sins · What happens: come, let, reason, say, be · To what, where: us · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Isaiah 1:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — you, us, LORD, sins — and what happens in the verse to us, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

לְכוּ־נָ֛א וְנִוָּֽכְחָ֖ה יֹאמַ֣ר יְהוָ֑ה אִם־יִֽהְי֨וּ חֲטָאֵיכֶ֤ם כַּשָּׁנִים֙ כַּשֶּׁ֣לֶג יַלְבִּ֔ינוּ אִם־יַאְדִּ֥ימוּ כַתּוֹלָ֖ע כַּצֶּ֥מֶר יִהְיֽוּ׃

Come now, and let us reason together, saith the LORD; though your sins be as scarlet, they shall be as white as snow; though they be red like crimson, they shall be as wool.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	לְכוּ־	הלך	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=2	root	root	come
2	נָ֛א	נָא	INTJ	_	1 לְכוּ־	discourse	please
3	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	4 נִוָּֽכְחָ֖ה	cc	and
4	נִוָּֽכְחָ֖ה	יָכַח	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Plur Person=1	1 לְכוּ־	conj	let us argue our case together
5	יֹאמַ֣ר	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	1 לְכוּ־	parataxis	he says
6	יְהוָ֑ה	יהוה	PROPN	_	5 יֹאמַ֣ר	nsubj	Yahweh
7	אִם־	אִם	SCONJ	_	13 שָּׁנִים֙	mark	though
8	יִֽהְי֨וּ	הָיָה	AUX	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	13 שָּׁנִים֙	cop	they are
9	חֲטָאֵי	חֵטְא	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	13 שָּׁנִים֙	nsubj	sins
10	כֶ֤ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs	9 חֲטָאֵי	nmod:poss	your
11	כַּ	כְּ	ADP	_	13 שָּׁנִים֙	case	like
12	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	13 שָּׁנִים֙	det	(the)
13	שָּׁנִים֙	שָׁנִי	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	17 יַלְבִּ֔ינוּ	advcl	scarlet
14	כַּ	כְּ	ADP	_	16 שֶּׁ֣לֶג	case	like
15	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	16 שֶּׁ֣לֶג	det	(the)
16	שֶּׁ֣לֶג	שֶׁלֶג	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	17 יַלְבִּ֔ינוּ	obl	snow
17	יַלְבִּ֔ינוּ	לָבֵן	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Plur Person=3	5 יֹאמַ֣ר	ccomp	they will become white
18	אִם־	אִם	SCONJ	_	19 יַאְדִּ֥ימוּ	mark	though
19	יַאְדִּ֥ימוּ	אָדֹם	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Plur Person=3	25 צֶּ֥מֶר	advcl	they are red
20	כַ	כְּ	ADP	_	22 תּוֹלָ֖ע	case	like
21	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	22 תּוֹלָ֖ע	det	(the)
22	תּוֹלָ֖ע	תּוֹלָע	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 יַאְדִּ֥ימוּ	obl	crimson
23	כַּ	כְּ	ADP	_	25 צֶּ֥מֶר	case	like
24	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	25 צֶּ֥מֶר	det	(the)
25	צֶּ֥מֶר	צֶמֶר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	17 יַלְבִּ֔ינוּ	parataxis	wool
26	יִהְיֽוּ	הָיָה	AUX	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	25 צֶּ֥מֶר	cop	they will be
27	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	26 יִהְיֽוּ	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: no
the frame alone: decl · assert · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)
לְכוּ־ come	imperative · qal
נִוָּֽכְחָה let us argue our case together	cohortative · niphal	יְהוָה Yahweh
יֹאמַר he says	yiqtol · qal	יְהוָה Yahweh
יִֽהְיוּ they are	yiqtol · qal	חֲטָאֵי sins
יַלְבִּינוּ they will become white	yiqtol · hiphil	חֲטָאֵי sins
יַאְדִּימוּ they are red	yiqtol · hiphil	חֲטָאֵי sins
יִהְיֽוּ they will be	yiqtol · qal	חֲטָאֵי sins

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

בְּכֵן כַּד תְּתוּבוּן לְאוֹרַיְתָא תִּבְעוּן מִן קֳדָמַי וְאַעְבֵּיד בָּעוּתְכוֹן אֲמַר יְיָ אִם יְהוֹן חוֹבֵיכוֹן כְּתִימִין כְּצִבְעוֹנִין כְּתַלְגָא יֶחֱוָרוּן אִם יִסְמְקוּן כְּזָהֳרֵיתָא כַּעֲמַר נְקֵי יְהוֹן:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Come now, and let us reason together, saith the LORD; though your sins be as scarlet, they shall be as white as snow; though they be red like crimson, they shall be as wool.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:ISA:17.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.1.18/