Isaiah 14:31 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ

Who acts: you, smoke, straggler · What happens: howl, cry, melt away, come, be · To what, where: north

This is Isaiah 14:31 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — you, smoke, straggler — and what happens in the verse to north, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

הֵילִ֤ילִֽי שַׁ֙עַר֙ זַֽעֲקִי־עִ֔יר נָמ֖וֹג פְּלֶ֣שֶׁת כֻּלֵּ֑ךְ כִּ֤י מִצָּפוֹן֙ עָשָׁ֣ן בָּ֔א וְאֵ֥ין בּוֹדֵ֖ד בְּמוֹעָדָֽיו׃

Howl, O gate; cry, O city; melt away, O Philistia, all of thee; for there cometh a smoke out of the north, and there is no straggler in his ranks.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	הֵילִ֤ילִֽי	יָלַל	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=2	root	root	wail
2	שַׁ֙עַר֙	שַׁעַר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	1 הֵילִ֤ילִֽי	parataxis	O gate
3	זַֽעֲקִי־	זָעַק	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=2	1 הֵילִ֤ילִֽי	parataxis	cry out
4	עִ֔יר	עִיר	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	3 זַֽעֲקִי־	parataxis	O city
5	נָמ֖וֹג	מוּג	VERB	HebBinyan=NIPHAL	1 הֵילִ֤ילִֽי	parataxis	it has melted away
6	פְּלֶ֣שֶׁת	פְּלֶשֶׁת	PROPN	_	5 נָמ֖וֹג	parataxis	Philistia
7	כֻּלּ	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	6 פְּלֶ֣שֶׁת	appos	of you
8	ֵ֑ךְ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	7 כֻּלּ	nmod:poss	all
9	כִּ֤י	כִּי	SCONJ	_	13 בָּ֔א	mark	(dm)
10	מִ	מִן	ADP	_	11 צָּפוֹן֙	case	from [the]
11	צָּפוֹן֙	צָפוֹן	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	13 בָּ֔א	obl	north
12	עָשָׁ֣ן	עָשָׁן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	13 בָּ֔א	nsubj	smoke
13	בָּ֔א	בּוֹא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	1 הֵילִ֤ילִֽי	advcl	[is] coming
14	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	15 אֵ֥ין	cc	and
15	אֵ֥ין	אַיִן	ADV	_	1 הֵילִ֤ילִֽי	conj	there [is] not
16	בּוֹדֵ֖ד	בָּדַד	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	15 אֵ֥ין	nsubj	an isolated [one]
17	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	18 מוֹעָדָֽי	case	among
18	מוֹעָדָֽי	מוֹעָד	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	16 בּוֹדֵ֖ד	obl	ranks
19	ו	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 מוֹעָדָֽי	nmod:poss	its
20	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	19 ו	punct

Pragmatics

form: command
act: request
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: yes

verb	form · stem	who (A0)
not הֵילִילִֽי wail	imperative · hiphil	שַׁעַר O gate
זַֽעֲקִי־ cry out	imperative · qal	עִיר O city
נָמוֹג it has melted away	infinitive absolute · niphal	פְּלֶשֶׁת Philistia
בָּא [is] coming	qatal · qal	עָשָׁן smoke

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

אֱלִילִי עַל תַּרְעָךְ צַוְחִי עַל קִרְוָךְ אִתְבַּרְתּוּן פְּלִשְׁתָּאֵי כּוּלְכוֹן אֲרֵי מִצִפּוּנָא פּוּרְעֲנוּתָא אָתֵי וְלֵית דִמְאַחַר בְּזִמְנוֹהִי:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Howl, O gate; cry, O city; melt away, O Philistia, all of thee; for there cometh a smoke out of the north, and there is no straggler in his ranks.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:ISA:304.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.14.31/