Isaiah 14:31 · JPS 1917

Howl, O gate; cry, O city; melt away, O Philistia, all of thee; for there cometh a smoke out of the north, and there is no straggler in his ranks.

Who acts: you, smoke, straggler · What happens: howl, cry, melt away, come, be · To what, where: north

This is Isaiah 14:31 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, smoke, straggler), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Howl	howl	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 gate	punct
3	O	o	INTJ	_	4 gate	discourse
4	gate	gate	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Howl	vocative
5	;	;	PUNCT	_	6 cry	punct
6	cry	cry	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	1 Howl	parataxis
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 city	punct
8	O	o	INTJ	_	9 city	discourse
9	city	city	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 cry	vocative
10	;	;	PUNCT	_	11 melt	punct
11	melt	melt	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	1 Howl	parataxis
12	away	away	ADV	_	11 melt	advmod
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 Philistia	punct
14	O	o	INTJ	_	15 Philistia	discourse
15	Philistia	Philistia	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 melt	vocative
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 all	punct
17	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	15 Philistia	appos
18	of	of	ADP	_	19 thee	case
19	thee	thou	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch	17 all	nmod
20	;	;	PUNCT	_	23 cometh	punct
21	for	for	SCONJ	_	23 cometh	mark
22	there	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	23 cometh	expl
23	cometh	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Howl	parataxis
24	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	25 smoke	det
25	smoke	smoke	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 cometh	nsubj
26	out	out	ADP	_	29 north	case
27	of	of	ADP	_	29 north	case
28	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	29 north	det
29	north	north	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 cometh	obl
30	,	,	PUNCT	_	33 is	punct
31	and	and	CCONJ	_	33 is	cc
32	there	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	33 is	expl
33	is	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	23 cometh	conj
34	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	35 straggler	det
35	straggler	straggler	NOUN	Number=Sing	33 is	nsubj
36	in	in	ADP	_	38 ranks	case
37	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	38 ranks	nmod:poss
38	ranks	rank	NOUN	Number=Plur	35 straggler	nmod
39	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Howl	punct

Pragmatics

form: command
act: request
voice: character
polarity: none
teacher: changed polarity=none, voice=character

#	verb	tense, mood	who	where	other	roles by
1	howl	imperative	you not said here		gate vocative	vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	cry speech: express	infinitive			city vocative	vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	melt away	infinitive			Philistia vocative; away property	vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
4	come	present	a smoke	the north; there		vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme out north=Initial_Location
5	be	present	no straggler in straggler's ranks	there		vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The Hebrew of this verse

הֵילִ֤ילִֽי שַׁ֙עַר֙ זַֽעֲקִי־עִ֔יר נָמ֖וֹג פְּלֶ֣שֶׁת כֻּלֵּ֑ךְ כִּ֤י מִצָּפוֹן֙ עָשָׁ֣ן בָּ֔א וְאֵ֥ין בּוֹדֵ֖ד בְּמוֹעָדָֽיו׃

Isaiah 14:31: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →

Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:ISA:332 of Mova's parse database.

The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.332/