Isaiah 16:8 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ

Who acts: fields, choice plants, plants, branches · What happens: languish, overcome, reach, wander, spread, pass · To what, where: lords, wilderness, branches, sea

This is Isaiah 16:8 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — fields, choice plants, plants, branches — and what happens in the verse to lords, wilderness, branches, sea, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

כִּ֣י שַׁדְמוֹת֩ חֶשְׁבּ֨וֹן אֻמְלָ֜ל גֶּ֣פֶן שִׂבְמָ֗ה בַּעֲלֵ֤י גוֹיִם֙ הָלְמ֣וּ שְׂרוּקֶּ֔יהָ עַד־יַעְזֵ֥ר נָגָ֖עוּ תָּ֣עוּ מִדְבָּ֑ר שְׁלֻ֣חוֹתֶ֔יהָ נִטְּשׁ֖וּ עָ֥בְרוּ יָֽם׃

For the fields of Heshbon languish, and the vine of Sibmah, whose choice plants did overcome the lords of nations; they reached even unto Jazer, they wandered into the wilderness; her branches were spread abroad, they passed over the sea.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	כִּ֣י	כִּי	SCONJ	_	4 אֻמְלָ֜ל	mark	(dm)
2	שַׁדְמוֹת֩	שְׁדֵמָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Plur	4 אֻמְלָ֜ל	nsubj	the terraced fields
3	חֶשְׁבּ֨וֹן	חֶשְׁבּוֹן	PROPN	_	2 שַׁדְמוֹת֩	compound:smixut	of Heshbon
4	אֻמְלָ֜ל	אָמַל	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PULAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	it has languished
5	גֶּ֣פֶן	גֶּפֶן	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 אֻמְלָ֜ל	parataxis	the vine[s]
6	שִׂבְמָ֗ה	שִׂבְמָה	PROPN	_	5 גֶּ֣פֶן	compound:smixut	of Sibmah
7	בַּעֲלֵ֤י	בַּעַל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	9 הָלְמ֣וּ	nsubj	rulers
8	גוֹיִם֙	גּוֹי	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	7 בַּעֲלֵ֤י	compound:smixut	of nations
9	הָלְמ֣וּ	הָלַם	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	4 אֻמְלָ֜ל	parataxis	they have struck down
10	שְׂרוּקֶּ֔י	שָׂרֹק	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	9 הָלְמ֣וּ	obj	its choice
11	הָ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 שְׂרוּקֶּ֔י	nmod:poss	grapes
12	עַד־	עַד	ADP	_	13 יַעְזֵ֥ר	case	to
13	יַעְזֵ֥ר	יַעְזֵר	PROPN	_	14 נָגָ֖עוּ	obl	Jazer
14	נָגָ֖עוּ	נָגַע	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	4 אֻמְלָ֜ל	parataxis	they reached
15	תָּ֣עוּ	תָּעָה	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	4 אֻמְלָ֜ל	parataxis	they wandered
16	מִדְבָּ֑ר	מִדְבָּר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	15 תָּ֣עוּ	obl	[the] wilderness
17	שְׁלֻ֣חוֹתֶ֔י	שְׁלֻחֹות	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Plur	19 נִטְּשׁ֖וּ	nsubj	shoots
18	הָ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 שְׁלֻ֣חוֹתֶ֔י	nmod:poss	its
19	נִטְּשׁ֖וּ	נָטַשׁ	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Plur Person=3	4 אֻמְלָ֜ל	parataxis	they were spread out
20	עָ֥בְרוּ	עָבַר	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	4 אֻמְלָ֜ל	parataxis	they passed over
21	יָֽם	יָם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	20 עָ֥בְרוּ	obl	[the] sea
22	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	21 יָֽם	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
אֻמְלָל it has languished	qatal · pulal	שַׁדְמוֹת the terraced fields
הָלְמוּ they have struck down	qatal · qal	בַּעֲלֵי rulers	שְׂרוּקֶּי its choice
נָגָעוּ they reached	qatal · qal	שְׂרוּקֶּי its choice
תָּעוּ they wandered	qatal · qal	שְׂרוּקֶּי its choice
נִטְּשׁוּ they were spread out	qatal · niphal		שְׁלֻחוֹתֶי shoots
עָבְרוּ they passed over	qatal · qal	שְׁלֻחוֹתֶי shoots

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

אֲרֵי אִתְבְּזִיזָא מַשִׁרְיַת חֶשְׁבּוֹן אִתְקַטְלָא סִיעַת שִׂבְמָה מַלְכֵי עַמְמַיָא קְטִילוּ שִׁלְטוֹנֵיהוֹן עַד יַעְזֵר מְטוֹ טָעוֹ לְמַדְבְּרָא מְטַלְטִלֵיהוֹן גָזוּ עֲבַרוּ יַמָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

For the fields of Heshbon languish, and the vine of Sibmah, whose choice plants did overcome the lords of nations; they reached even unto Jazer, they wandered into the wilderness; her branches were spread abroad, they passed over the sea.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:ISA:322.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.16.8/