Isaiah 17:13 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ

Who acts: nations, rushing · What happens: rush, rebuke, flee, chase · To what, where: nations, wind, many waters

This is Isaiah 17:13 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — nations, rushing — and what happens in the verse to nations, wind, many waters, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

לְאֻמִּ֗ים כִּשְׁא֞וֹן מַ֤יִם רַבִּים֙ יִשָּׁא֔וּן וְגָ֥עַר בּ֖וֹ וְנָ֣ס מִמֶּרְחָ֑ק וְרֻדַּ֗ף כְּמֹ֤ץ הָרִים֙ לִפְנֵי־ר֔וּחַ וּכְגַלְגַּ֖ל לִפְנֵ֥י סוּפָֽה׃

The nations shall rush like the rushing of many waters; but He shall rebuke them, and they shall flee far off, and shall be chased as the chaff of the mountains before the wind, and like the whirling dust before the storm.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	לְאֻמִּ֗ים	לְאֹם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	6 יִשָּׁא֔וּ	nsubj	nations
2	כִּ	כְּ	ADP	_	3 שְׁא֞וֹן	case	like [the]
3	שְׁא֞וֹן	שָׁאוֹן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	6 יִשָּׁא֔וּ	obl	uproar
4	מַ֤יִם	מַיִם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	3 שְׁא֞וֹן	compound:smixut	of waters
5	רַבִּים֙	רַב	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	4 מַ֤יִם	amod	many
6	יִשָּׁא֔וּ	שָׁאָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Plur Person=3	root	root	they
7	ן	נ	X	_	6 יִשָּׁא֔וּ	nmod	are in an uproar
8	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	9 גָ֥עַר	cc	and
9	גָ֥עַר	גָּעַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	6 יִשָּׁא֔וּ	conj	he will rebuke
10	בּ	בְּ	ADP	_	11 ֖וֹ	case	(in)
11	֖וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 גָ֥עַר	obl	it
12	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	13 נָ֣ס	cc	and
13	נָ֣ס	נוּס	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	6 יִשָּׁא֔וּ	conj	it will flee
14	מִ	מִן	ADP	_	15 מֶּרְחָ֑ק	case	from
15	מֶּרְחָ֑ק	מֶרְחָק	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	13 נָ֣ס	obl	a distance
16	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	17 רֻדַּ֗ף	cc	and
17	רֻדַּ֗ף	רָדַף	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PUAL Number=Sing Person=3	6 יִשָּׁא֔וּ	conj	it will be chased
18	כְּ	כְּ	ADP	_	19 מֹ֤ץ	case	like
19	מֹ֤ץ	מֹץ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	17 רֻדַּ֗ף	obl	chaff
20	הָרִים֙	הַר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	19 מֹ֤ץ	compound:smixut	of mountains
21	לִ	לְ	ADP	_	22 פְנֵי־	case	before
22	פְנֵי־	פָּנֶה	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 מֹ֤ץ	nmod
23	ר֔וּחַ	רוּחַ	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 פְנֵי־	compound:smixut	a wind
24	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	26 גַלְגַּ֖ל	cc	and
25	כְ	כְּ	ADP	_	26 גַלְגַּ֖ל	case	like
26	גַלְגַּ֖ל	גַּלְגַּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	19 מֹ֤ץ	conj	whirling dust
27	לִ	לְ	ADP	_	28 פְנֵ֥י	case	before
28	פְנֵ֥י	פָּנֶה	NOUN	Number=Plur	26 גַלְגַּ֖ל	nmod
29	סוּפָֽה	סוּפָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	28 פְנֵ֥י	compound:smixut	a storm-wind
30	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	29 סוּפָֽה	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יִשָּׁאוּ they	yiqtol · niphal	לְאֻמִּים nations
גָעַר he will rebuke	weqatal · qal
נָס it will flee	weqatal · qal	לְאֻמִּים nations
רֻדַּף it will be chased	weqatal · pual		לְאֻמִּים nations

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

מַלְכְּוָן דִכְאִתְרְגוּשַׁת מַיִין סַגִיאִין מִתְרַגְשִׁין וִיזוּף בֵּיהּ וְיֶעְרוּק מֵרָחִיק וִיתְרַדֵף כְּמוֹץ טוּרַיָא קֳדָם רוּחָא וּכְגַלְגְלָא קֳדָם עַלְעוּלָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

The nations shall rush like the rushing of many waters; but He shall rebuke them, and they shall flee far off, and shall be chased as the chaff of the mountains before the wind, and like the whirling dust before the storm.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:ISA:341.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.17.13/