Isaiah 17:12 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ

Who acts: uproar, rushing, seas · What happens: roar, rush · To what, where: nations, mighty waters

This is Isaiah 17:12 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — uproar, rushing, seas — and what happens in the verse to nations, mighty waters, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

ה֗וֹי הֲמוֹן֙ עַמִּ֣ים רַבִּ֔ים כַּהֲמ֥וֹת יַמִּ֖ים יֶהֱמָי֑וּן וּשְׁא֣וֹן לְאֻמִּ֔ים כִּשְׁא֛וֹן מַ֥יִם כַּבִּירִ֖ים יִשָּׁאֽוּן׃

Ah, the uproar of many peoples, that roar like the roaring of the seas; and the rushing of nations, that rush like the rushing of mighty waters!

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	ה֗וֹי	הוֹי	INTJ	_	8 יֶהֱמָי֑וּ	discourse	woe to!
2	הֲמוֹן֙	הָמוֹן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	8 יֶהֱמָי֑וּ	dislocated	[the] tumult
3	עַמִּ֣ים	עַם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	2 הֲמוֹן֙	compound:smixut	of peoples
4	רַבִּ֔ים	רַב	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	3 עַמִּ֣ים	amod	many
5	כַּ	כְּ	ADP	_	6 הֲמ֥וֹת	case	as
6	הֲמ֥וֹת	הָמָה	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	8 יֶהֱמָי֑וּ	advcl	roar
7	יַמִּ֖ים	יָם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	6 הֲמ֥וֹת	nsubj	[the] seas
8	יֶהֱמָי֑וּ	הָמָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	root	root	they
9	ן	נ	X	_	8 יֶהֱמָי֑וּ	nmod	roar
10	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	17 יִשָּׁאֽוּ	cc	and [the]
11	שְׁא֣וֹן	שָׁאוֹן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	17 יִשָּׁאֽוּ	dislocated	uproar
12	לְאֻמִּ֔ים	לְאֹם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	11 שְׁא֣וֹן	compound:smixut	of nations
13	כִּ	כְּ	ADP	_	14 שְׁא֛וֹן	case	like [the]
14	שְׁא֛וֹן	שָׁאוֹן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	17 יִשָּׁאֽוּ	obl	uproar
15	מַ֥יִם	מַיִם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	14 שְׁא֛וֹן	compound:smixut	of waters
16	כַּבִּירִ֖ים	כַּבִּיר	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	15 מַ֥יִם	amod	mighty
17	יִשָּׁאֽוּ	שָׁאָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Plur Person=3	8 יֶהֱמָי֑וּ	conj	they
18	ן	נ	X	_	17 יִשָּׁאֽוּ	nmod	are in an uproar
19	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	18 ן	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)
הֲמוֹת roar	infinitive construct · qal	יַמִּים [the] seas
יֶהֱמָיוּ they	yiqtol · qal	עַמִּים of peoples
יִשָּׁאֽוּ they	yiqtol · niphal	לְאֻמִּים of nations

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וַי הֲמוֹן עַמְמִין סַגִיאִין דִי כְמַהֲמֵי יַמָא הָמָן וְאִתְרְגוּשַׁת מַלְכְּוָן דִכְאִתְרְגוּשַׁת מַיִין תַּקִיפִין מִתְרַגְשִׁין:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Ah, the uproar of many peoples, that roar like the roaring of the seas; and the rushing of nations, that rush like the rushing of mighty waters!

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:ISA:340.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.17.12/