Isaiah 23:8 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ

Who acts: merchants, traffickers · What happens: devise, be · To what, where: this, princes, honourable

This is Isaiah 23:8 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — merchants, traffickers — and what happens in the verse to this, princes, honourable, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

מִ֚י יָעַ֣ץ זֹ֔את עַל־צֹ֖ר הַמַּֽעֲטִירָ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר סֹחֲרֶ֙יה֙ שָׂרִ֔ים כִּנְעָנֶ֖יהָ נִכְבַּדֵּי־אָֽרֶץ׃

Who hath devised this against Tyre, the crowning city, whose merchants are princes, whose traffickers are the honourable of the earth?

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	מִ֚י	מִי	PRON	PronType=Int	2 יָעַ֣ץ	nsubj	who?
2	יָעַ֣ץ	יָעַץ	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	did he plan
3	זֹ֔את	זֹאת	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing PronType=Dem	2 יָעַ֣ץ	obj	this
4	עַל־	עַל	ADP	_	5 צֹ֖ר	case	on
5	צֹ֖ר	צֹר	PROPN	_	2 יָעַ֣ץ	obl	Tyre
6	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	7 מַּֽעֲטִירָ֑ה	det	[which] bestows
7	מַּֽעֲטִירָ֑ה	עָטַר	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing	5 צֹ֖ר	appos	crowns
8	אֲשֶׁ֤ר	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	11 שָׂרִ֔ים	mark	which
9	סֹחֲרֶ֙י	סָחַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur	11 שָׂרִ֔ים	nsubj	traders
10	ה֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 סֹחֲרֶ֙י	nmod:poss	its
11	שָׂרִ֔ים	שַׂר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	5 צֹ֖ר	acl:relcl	[were] princes
12	כִּנְעָנֶ֖י	כִּנְעָנִי	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	14 נִכְבַּדֵּי־	nsubj	merchants
13	הָ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 כִּנְעָנֶ֖י	nmod:poss	its
14	נִכְבַּדֵּי־	כָּבֵד	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Plur	11 שָׂרִ֔ים	parataxis	[were those who were] honored
15	אָֽרֶץ	אֶרֶץ	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 נִכְבַּדֵּי־	compound:smixut	of [the] earth
16	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	15 אָֽרֶץ	punct

Pragmatics

form: wh-question
act: ask
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	to whom, further (A2)	who makes it happen (AA)
יָעַץ did he plan	qatal · qal	מִי who?	זֹאת this
מַּֽעֲטִירָה crowns	participle active · hiphil	צֹר Tyre

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

מַן מְלִיךְ דָא עַל צוֹר דַהֲיַת מְמַלְכָּא מַלְכִין דִי תַגָרָהָא רַבְרְבִין שִׁלְטוֹנָאָה יְקִירֵי אַרְעָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Who hath devised this against Tyre, the crowning city, whose merchants are princes, whose traffickers are the honourable of the earth?

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:ISA:430.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.23.8/